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Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Results from integrative population-based investigations indicate co-occurring types of clonal hematopoiesis are highly enriched and markedly increase blood cancer risk, highlighting new opportunities for early detection and targeted surveillance of high-risk individuals.

Mucosal immunity is an important component of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 response and may contribute to the relatively better protection provided by infection compared to vaccination of children against serious disease. Here, the authors analyse the antigen-specific B cell response in the tonsils, adenoids, and blood of children following infection with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines to find evidence that tissue-specific B cell memory is formed with both, albeit with characteristic differences between the two groups.

Soil microbes drive ecosystem functions but are vulnerable to environmental stressors triggered by global change. This study reveals that multiple environmental stressors drive community-level restructuring of soil functional microbiomes globally.

CheckMate 650 was a multicohort phase 2 trial designed to study the safety and clinical activity of nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Here the authors report the results of the randomized portion of the trial, including three different immunotherapy treatment cohorts and a current standard-of-care chemotherapy cohort (cabazitaxel).

Jena, Qu et al. show that mannadjuvant, a formulation of fungal mannan and aluminum hydroxide, increases the magnitude, durability and breadth of the response elicited by mRNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice and non-human primates.

Forward and reverse genetics identifies the mode of action of clofazimine in the parasite Cryptosporidium. The genomic locus encoding the target is heterogeneous, and a resistance-conferring allele is already widely distributed.

In a prospective cohort of 166 participants (and in a 63-participant validation cohort), dermal α-synuclein and 4-repeat tau seed amplification, combined with serum neurofilament light chain assays, were able to identify parkinsonian syndromes.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

The success of KRAS G12C mutation specific inhibitors in patients with KRAS-driven tumours is limited by the emergence of acquired resistance. Here, the authors characterise olomorasib, a next-generation covalent KRAS G12C-mutant inhibitor, demonstrating efficacy in the presence of clinically relevant resistance mutations in preclinical KRAS-driven cancer models.

Antibody discovery often requires major experimental effort. Here, authors report a virtual screen using AlphaFold-Multimer that identified nanobody binders to MRGPRX2, a therapeutic target for itch, demonstrating fully in silico antibody discovery.

Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

In myocardial infarction, the rapid identification of an acute coronary artery occlusion is critical to prevent heart muscle damage, yet current ECG criteria miss many cases. Here, the authors show that a deep learning model trained on over 500,000 ECGs can accurately identify and localize occlusion myocardial infarctions, outperforming standard criteria.

Wound fibrosis after amputation in mammals is replaced with regeneration of amputated structural elements by sequential FGF2/BMP2 treatment. Regenerated tissues include phalangeal/sesamoid bones, tendon/ligament, synovial joint, articular cartilage.

Large-scale genomic surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is needed to track the spread of antimalarial drug resistance. Here, the authors develop a rapid and cost-effective nanopore sequencing method and deploy it across sub-Saharan Africa.

The systemic discovery of metal–small-molecule complexes from biological samples is a difficult challenge. Now, a method based on liquid chromatography and native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been developed. The approach uses post-column pH adjustment and metal infusion combined with ion identity molecular networking, and a rule-based informatics workflow, to interrogate small-molecule–metal binding.

The authors present measurements of magnetotropic susceptibility in UTe2, a quantity that is sensitive to magnetic susceptibility in a direction transverse to the applied magnetic field. At high magnetic fields, they observe a large increase in the transverse magnetic susceptibility, likely arising from ferromagnetic spin fluctuations

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Plant community properties affect ecosystem functioning via energy fluxes in food webs, with the leaf and root resource economics of dominant tree species controlling soil food web multifunctionality.

RNA velocity is a widely used method to predict the fate of single cells. Here the authors show that the concept can be adapted to predict the fate of individual human subjects, using RNA velocity of whole blood at a single point in time to predict future clinical outcomes and treatment responses.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

The authors performed computational and experimental analyses to reveal how Smoothened directly inhibits PKA through an intrinsically disordered region, defining a central step in Hedgehog signaling and a mechanism of G-protein-coupled receptor–kinase regulation.

Natural products inspire the development of pseudo-natural products through combinations of fragments of compound classes that are chemically and biologically distinct. Here, the authors report a library of 244 pseudo-natural products, evaluate them in the cell painting essays and identify the phenotypic role of individual fragments.

The JWST thermal emission spectrum of the rocky exoplanet LHS 3844 b points to a dark, basalt-like surface shaped by space weathering. The data provide tight limits on CO₂ and SO₂, ruling out a substantial atmosphere and recent widespread volcanism.

Drug development is slowed down by manual formulation and testing. Here, the authors present an integrated digital formulator and self-driving tableting system that rapidly designs and manufactures tablets, thereby reducing material consumption and development time.

In this study, the authors show that pulmonary fibroblasts act as dualfunction responders to the human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, modulating immune responses while safeguarding tissue integrity.

In this Resource paper, Krummel and colleagues provide analysis of 15 commonly used syngeneic mouse tumor models and compare these to the diversity of human tumor microenvironments.

This study leverages high-resolution vertical land motion observations to show that subsidence more than doubles present-day sea-level rise along densely populated coasts, underscoring the need to revise projections, risk and adaptation assessments.

A mammal-inspired synthetic oxygen sensor drives hypoxia responsive transcription in plants, replaces the native system in Arabidopsis, and regulates growth under flooding, offering new strategies to boost crop resilience.

Higher-order interactions are shown to contribute to the decrease in species diversity from low to high latitudes in global forests, potentially explaining why this intricate phenomenon cannot be adequately explained by pairwise interactions alone.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Genome-wide analyses identify genetic loci and plasma proteins associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study highlights the hormonal and metabolic foundations of the disease and explores the impact of polygenic risk for PCOS in both sexes.

Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identifies risk loci for severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Downstream analyses explore maternal and fetal contributions of these loci and their temporal effects.

N-desethyl-fluornitrazene is a µ-opioid receptor agonist derived from nitazenes that has supramaximal intrinsic efficacy that produces analgesia with minimal adverse effects in rodent models.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

The authors resolve 63 structurally diverse haplotype structures for the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome region. Deletion risk differs depending on structure; individuals of African ancestry are enriched for inverted repeats that predispose to inversion.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells show inherently low antioxidant defenses, making them prone to lethal oxidative stress induced by thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) inhibitors. Here, authors demonstrate that activating NRF2 mediated tissue protection allows increased therapeutic dose of TXNRD1 inhibitors to enhances SCLC cell killing in vivo without added toxicity to healthy tissues.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

Patagonian forest landscapes show strong ecosystem-function synergies and widespread multifunctionality hotspots, with 78% outside protected areas, highlighting high functional value beyond conservation boundaries, based on satellite indicators, field data, and spatial modeling.

The genomewide meta-analysis of lumbar spinal stenosis LSS identifies 73 previously unreported loci in addition to 15 known loci and highlights spinal degeneration as a key pathogenic mechanism. Overall, the findings expand knowledge of the genetic background of LSS.

The lowest-frequency gravitational wave background may be shaped by supermassive black hole binaries that scatter nearby stars or dark matter. In this case, the NANOGrav 15-year dataset favours dense galactic centres with 10⁶ solar masses per cubic parsec.

The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.