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Davies et al. identify a putative mechanism underlying the childhood neurological disorder AP-4 deficiency syndrome. In the absence of AP-4, an enzyme that makes 2-AG is not transported to the axon, leading to axonal growth defects, which can be rescued by inhibition of 2-AG breakdown.

In a prespecified 3-year analysis of the KEN SHE trial, single-dose HPV vaccination was shown to be well tolerated and provided durable protection against cervical HPV infection in Kenyan women aged 15–20 years.

Accelerated atherosclerosis in a mouse model of clonal haematopoiesis is prevented by genetic interruption of AIM2 inflammasome activation or by inhibition of interleukin-1β.

Mitochondrial energy metabolism regulates proteotoxic stress tolerance, exposing a newly discovered sensitivity to the small molecule elesclomol, which induces FDX1-mediated, copper-dependent cell death.

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive, and also the most common, brain tumour type in adults. Here, the authors generate a nanoparticle encapsulating the TLR7/8 agonist, R848, which induces tumour regression in mice by reprogramming myeloid cells independently of T and NK cells.

The dual IDH1/IDH2 inhibitor vorasidenib exhibited better brain permeability and target engagement than ivosidenib in a pilot perioperative randomized clinical trial in patients with IDH1-mutant glioma.

The Zero Childhood Cancer pediatric precision medicine program informs treatment recommendations for children with high-risk cancers through comprehensive molecular profiling

How accurate are social scientists in predicting societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? Grossmann et al. report the findings of two forecasting tournaments. Social scientists’ forecasts were on average no more accurate than those of simple statistical models.

Coating the sensor in continuous glucose monitors with a zwitterionic polymer significantly reduces signal noise and the need for frequent device recalibration.

Claudia Langenberg, James Meigs and colleagues apply a joint meta-analysis approach that accounts for differences in body mass index to identify variants associated with glycemic traits. They report six new loci associated with fasting insulin levels and provide insights into the genetic basis of insulin resistance.

A study reports the distribution, replication and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 throughout the human body including in the brain at autopsy from acute infection to more than seven months following symptom onset.

Jose Florez, Claudia Langenberg, Erik Ingelsson, Inga Prokopenko, Inês Barroso and colleagues perform large-scale association analyses using the Metabochip to gain further insights into the genetic architecture of glucose regulation. They identify 38 new loci influencing 1 or more glycemic traits and show that many of these loci also modify risk of type 2 diabetes.

An artificial intelligence (AI) system performs as well as or better than radiologists at detecting breast cancer from mammograms, and using a combination of AI and human inputs could help to improve screening efficiency.

Gallbladder cancer incidence shows characteristic geographic patterns. Here the authors perform a genomic analysis of gallbladder cancers in patients from countries with high incidence (South Korea, India and Chile) and identify ELF3 and other significantly mutated genes not previously associated with gallbladder cancer.

Transplantation of pancreatic islet cells encapsulated in alginate microspheres into the omental bursa of the peritoneal cavity of NHPs significantly reduces FBRs and extends the longevity of the cells.

Hydrothermal vents emit metals such as iron to the ocean. A chemical analysis of hydrothermal fluids suggests that up to 10% of the iron is present as stable, iron-bearing nanoparticles.

Neural processing speed slows with age, but the relationship between this slowing and brain atrophy is unknown. Here, authors show that age-related functional brain differences in auditory and visual processing are partly due to structural differences in the distinct brain regions underlying these processes.

As the country struggles to refashion its government, archaeologists are looking warily towards the future.

The systemic circulation time of adenosine is prolonged by forming nanoassemblies with squalene, and this can improve neurologic recovery in mice affected by a stroke or spinal cord injury.

The three-dimensional structures of transparent objects, such as living cells, are captured by an imaging technique that uses white-light illumination and diffraction tomography to collect a stack of phase-based images.

Methods to achieve large-scale production of defect-free graphene are needed to enable the commercial development of graphene-based devices. It is now shown that high-shear mixing is an effective way to exfoliate graphene and other two-dimensional materials in liquid volumes up to hundreds of litres.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disease resulting in reduced mucus clearance and impaired lung function. Here, the authors show that mutations in PIH1D3 are responsible for an X-linked form of PCD, affecting assembly of a subset of inner arm dyneins.

A pooled analysis of longitudinal studies in low- and middle-income countries identifies the typical age of onset of linear growth faltering and investigates recurrent faltering in early life.

Spatiotemporal characterization of microbial diversity and antibiotic resistance in a tertiary-care hospital reveals broad distribution and persistence of antibiotic-resistant organisms that could cause opportunistic infections in a healthcare setting.

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, which negatively regulate mTORC1 signalling. Here the authors selectively delete Tsc1 from dopamine neurons in mice and find impairments in striatal dopamine release that are sufficient to reduce cognitive flexibility.

The interaction between electrons and phonons is important for many materials properties. The finding that phonon modes of a superconducting thin film can influence the properties of an adjacent normal conductor, even over comparatively long distances, suggests new ways of controlling electron–phonon interactions.

Although cortical GABAergic interneuron (CIN) dysfunction is implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders, we still know very little about how they attain their unique properties or how their dysfunction impacts neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, authors show that conditional loss of Tsc1, causes SST+ CINs, which are distinct from PV+ CINs, to express PV and adopt fast-spiking properties, via MTOR activity

Genomic analyses focused on regions that form R-loops identify rare mutations in RNU2-2 and RNU5B-1 in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders.

To cope with the new situation during the pandemic, the Turkish people have united in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 with their healthcare workers, scientists and government. We are waiting for the global pandemic to end soon.

For many neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) risk genes, the significance for mutational burden is unestablished. Here, the authors sequence 125 candidate NDD genes in over 16,000 NDD cases; case-control mutational burden analysis identifies 48 genes with a significant burden of severe ultra-rare mutations.