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Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses are of global concern. This study shows that a low-dose H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b Alum/CpG-adjuvanted vaccine elicits broad, durable antibody and T cell responses and protects female mice against lethal homologous and heterologous H5N1 challenges.

Climate change can alter when and how animals grow, breed, and migrate, but it is unclear whether this allows populations to persist. This global study shows that shifts in seasonal timing are key to helping vertebrate species maintain population growth under global warming.

The study introduces radio interferometric multiplexed spectroscopy (RIMS), a method designed to efficiently monitor the radio emissions of massive samples of stars. Applying it to LOFAR data, the authors identify stellar bursts, offering clues to possible star–planet magnetic interactions.

Differences among homologous receptor proteins complicate target-specific drug design. Here, authors develop an interpretable dynamic machine learning model DRUMBEAT to identify amino acid residues enabling distinct conformational transitions in proteins.

How myelin plays a role in long-range processing of disparate inputs remains elusive. Here, the authors show that myelin loss within the neocortex reduces the reliability to propagate cortical bursts across axons, causing an impaired temporal sharpening to compute sensory and cortical signals within the thalamus.

In quantum information the majorization conjecture states that the minimum amount of disorder at the output of a quantum Guassian channel is produced by coherent input states, but its proof has remained elusive. Now, Mari et al.solve this longstanding problem and highlight some of its implications.

Optoelectronic synapses are crucial for advanced visual systems but are hindered by limited storage memory. Here, the authors propose organic photoelectrochemical transistor array capable of multi-level memories for neuromorphic visual computing.

The organization of direction selectivity and orientation selectivity in the visual thalamus remains not fully understood. Here, the authors show that orientation representation is broadly mapped, while motion direction representation is topographically arranged for encoding optic flow and may support visually guided behavior.

If correlations decay exponentially in a one-dimensional quantum many-body system, then entanglement satisfies an area law. The intuitive explanation for this turns out to be wrong, but the statement is nevertheless true, as demonstrated by a proof based on quantum information theory.

The Gaussian minimum entropy conjecture—a long-standing open question—has now been proved for single-mode phase-insensitive bosonic Gaussian channels. This establishes the ultimate achievable bit rate under an energy constraint and provides long-awaited proof that the single-letter classical capacity of these channels is additive.

The presence of correlations can strongly affect the evolution of a quantum system. Here, the authors directly observe differences in the dynamics of two spins-1/2 systems in an NMR setup depending on the correlations of the initial state, including differences in energy flow and mutual information.

A coupled-oscillator-based all-to-all-connected Ising machine manufactured using 65-nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology and operating at room temperature can efficiently solve dense combinatorial optimization problems that cannot be effectively mapped or solved by quantum annealers.

Ca2 + -ATPases in the plasma membrane extrude Ca2+ ions from the cytosol to the extracellular space and thus terminate Ca2 + -signals and control Ca2 + -homeostasis. Here, Constantin et al. show that these pumps operate at rates of more than 5000 cycles/s.

An artificial intelligence hardware approach that uses the adaptive reservoir computation of biological neural networks in a brain organoid can perform tasks such as speech recognition and nonlinear equation prediction.

DNA methylation and copy number variant analyses across a large number of genetic mouse models of pediatric brain tumors reveal subtype-specific molecular alterations shared with the corresponding human diseases.

An artificial neuron that is based on one diffusive memristor, one transistor and one resistor can exhibit six key biological neuronal characteristics—leaky integration, threshold firing, cascaded connection, intrinsic plasticity, refractory period and stochasticity—with the footprint of a single transistor when vertically integrated.

A modularized open-source pipeline for invasive brain signal decoding bridges the gap between closed-loop neuromodulation and clinical brain–computer interface approaches in a large patient cohort.

Alan Turing's bridging of logic and machines laid the foundation for digital computers, says George Dyson.

Continuous variable quantum key distribution allows secure communication that is more robust against channel losses than discrete approaches, yet is strongly affected by noise. Madsenet al.devise a continuous scheme for modulated entangled states that is more tolerant to noise and loss than other protocols.

Continuous-variable remote state preparation in the microwave domain would allow to leverage the superconducting technology for quantum networks applications. Here, the authors show how to deterministically prepare squeezed Gaussian states across 35 cm using previously shared entanglement.

The precise role of the spinal cord in copulatory behavior remains not fully understood. Here, authors identify a population of spinal galanin-expressing neurons that regulate sexual arousal and mating in male mice, revealing a broader role for spinal circuits in copulation than previously acknowledged.

Xenotransplantation of a genetically edited pig kidney with a thymic autograft into a brain-dead human for 61 days with immunosuppression resulted in stable kidney function without proteinuria, and xenograft rejection was treated and reversed by the end of the study.

The wetting on soft surfaces is less understood than that on rigid ones because it is challenging to quantify substrate deformation. Here, the authors monitor the deformation over a large range of droplet velocities, and propose a dynamical model that captures contact line motion and depinning.

Ferroelectric domain switching on the surface of a lithium niobate thin film can be induced by the tip of a scanning probe microscope, and gives rise to both regular and chaotic spatiotemporal patterns. Moreover, the long-range interactions that govern these phenomena can be tuned by varying temperature, humidity, domain spacing and tip bias.

Device-level complexity represents a big shortcoming for the hardware realization of analogue memory-based deep neural networks. Mackin et al. report a generalized computational framework, translating software-trained weights into analogue hardware weights, to minimise inference accuracy degradation.

The analysis of the energy spectrum of 36 million tritium β-decay electrons recorded in 259 measurement days within the last 40 eV below the endpoint challenges the Neutrino-4 claim.

A big challenge for artificial intelligence is to gain the ability of learning by experience like biological systems. Here Bianchi et al. propose a hardware neural network based on resistive-switching synaptic arrays which dynamically adapt to the environment for autonomous exploration.

Cumulus is a cloud-based framework enabling large-scale single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing data analysis.

Together with a companion paper, molecular details of immune responses in a pig-to-human xenotransplantation are identified through dense longitudinal multi-omics profiling of the xenograft and the host recipient, across the 61-day procedure.

An analogue to a type II burst from the early M dwarf StKM 1-1262 exhibits identical frequency, time and polarization properties to fundamental plasma emission from a solar type II burst.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

Crackling noise is commonly observed in various physical systems. Schröderet al.demonstrate that crackling noise can be attributed to the concept of fractional percolation, which is found to be applicable to the known Barkhausen effect in ferromagnets.

Quantum digital signatures exploit quantum mechanics to provide verification of messages at the limits of information theory. Clarkeet al.demonstrate a photonic system that provides quantum digital signatures for messages sent to two receivers and is secure against forgery and repudiation.