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Phytoplankton blooms in the northern Arabian Sea have shifted from diatoms to green dinoflagellates in the last decade. Here, the authors show that influx of oxygen deficient waters, together with the ability of dinoflagellates’ endosymbionts to fix carbon under such conditions, facilitated the bloom shift.

The ability of marine bacteria to direct their movement in response to chemical gradients influences inter-species interactions, nutrient turnover, and ecosystem productivity. Here, Clerc et al. show that marine bacteria are strongly attracted to algal polysaccharides, and this chemotactic behaviour is enhanced by dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a ubiquitous algal metabolite.

Trained on a large corpus of medical text and patient records and tested across diseases, with specific focus on rare presentations, an open-source medical language model demonstrates higher accuracy than commercial counterparts across specialties and improves accuracy of clinicians in a reader study.

Eutrophication and chlorophyll-rich algal blooms occurred at high concentrations of the thermoplastic polyurethane, but only occasionally with bioplastics, suggests a three-month experiment exposing plankton in experimental ponds.

The authors synthesize bee assemblage data from 681 crop fields across three continents, finding that local pesticide hazards and decreasing adjacent semi-natural habitats both negatively affected wild bee abundance and species richness in crop fields, while pesticides also reduced functional diversity.

Cyanobacteria are shown to produce alkanes that sustain communities of pentadecane-degrading bacteria, and possibly archaea, as part of an alkane cycle in the ocean.

The authors use a machine learning approach and in situ pigment samples to identify summer shifts (1997–2023) in the abundance and composition of Antarctic phytoplankton. While smaller phytoplankton groups generally increased, diatom chlorophyll a broadly decreased, with putative impacts on food webs and the carbon sink.

Editorials in multi-disciplinary journals can influence professional scientists and wider public discourse. This study compares how editorials on climate change in Nature and Science have changed over time and in response to wider political events

This Registered Report presents the results of the Long-read RNA-Seq Genome Annotation Assessment Project, which is a community effort for benchmarking long-read methods for transcriptome analyses, including transcript isoform detection, quantification and de novo transcript detection.

A decade of BGC-Argo and plankton records shows North Pacific heatwaves reshape food webs and trap small particles in midwater, slowing deep-ocean carbon export. Impacts vary by event, underscoring the need for sustained ocean monitoring.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The vaginal microbiome is a critical determinant of health. Here, the authors present VIRGO2, a gene catalog describing these microbial communities and analyze vaginal metagenomes and metatranscriptomes to derive insights into their function and ecology.

Authors develop 4D printed labels that change colour and shape in response to humidity and carbon dioxide, enabling visual inspection of fruit freshness and quality preservation. Assisted by a machine learning model, the labels outperform cast and 3D printed versions in visual monitoring and controlled release of preservatives.

Although the modern Arctic Ocean is regarded as a barometer of global change and an amplifier of global warming, little is known about its state in the greenhouse period of the Late Cretaceous epoch (65–99 million years ago). Here, a seasonally resolved Cretaceous sedimentary record from the Alpha ridge of the Arctic Ocean is presented; evidence suggests seasonal diatom productivity in a stratified ocean with possible winter sea ice cover.

Phosphorylation is a key protein modification but rare in natural product biosynthesis. Here, authors discover cyanobacterial pathways that encode a kinase domain, leading to the production of phosphorylated peptides and expanding the diversity and engineering potential of cyanobactins.

10,000 years of summer length changes are reconstructed. Longer summers occurred when the equator-to-pole temperature gradient weakened. A 1 °C drop added ~6 days; under high emissions, European summers could lengthen by up to 42 days by 2100.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial of patients with advanced solid tumors resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy, treatment with the anti-latent TGFβ1 antibody linavonkibart with or without pembrolizumab was safe, and encouraging clinical response rates were associated with T cell infiltration and immune activation.

Developing treatments that withstand viral evolution is difficult. Here, the authors design ReconnAb-multimers: broad, highly potent therapeutics linking a non-neutralizing antibody, ACE2, and a multimerization domain to prepare for future pandemics.

High near-surface nitrogen-fixation rates that promoted the recent growth of the Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt were tied to greater upwelling of phosphorus from the equatorial Atlantic, according to coral-bound nitrogen isotope records from the Caribbean.

Genetic adaptation and physiological acclimation can potentially buffer species against climate change. Here, the authors perform a long-term warming experiment of Antarctic encrusting communities and show that focal animal species failed to acclimate and lacked genetic variation in tolerance to warming.

Satellite-based mapping of vegetation shows that photosynthetic life occupies a total area of 44.2 km² across Antarctica.

Breaking waves on the ocean surface generate air bubbles that yield sea spray aerosols when released to the atmosphere. Measurements of sea spray aerosols in the North Atlantic Ocean and the coastal waters of California suggest that the surface water organic carbon reservoir is responsible for the organic carbon enrichment of freshly emitted sea spray aerosol.

The globally-distributed Ranidae (true frogs) are the largest frog family. Here, Hammond et al. present a draft genome of the North American bullfrog, Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana, as a foundation for future understanding of true frog genetics as amphibian species face difficult environmental challenges.

The authors use resurrected strains of a diatom species to compare temperature optima, cell size and gene expression across 60 years. Modern samples have a 1 °C higher temperature optima and probably support increased nutrient uptake, highlighting the adaptation potential of diatoms to global change.

Scaffold-guided bone regeneration is a promising treatment strategy for segmental defects, but clinical translation has been hindered, partially by mechanical function limitations. Here, Clark et al. describes a permanent printed polymer with a resorbable stem cell laden ceramic core for reconstructing segmental mandibular defects, which is tested in an ovine model.

Resistance to pod shattering in crops is typically modulated by major loci each underpinned by a single gene. Here, the authors show that the transition from shattering in wild soybean to shattering resistance in cultivated soybean is underlain by selection of mutations within two neighboring genes.

Clarke et al. identify chromatin factor ZNF280A, which is recruited to damaged chromatin where it promotes long-range DNA-end resection. Loss of ZNF280A is linked to genome instability in patients with 22q11.2 distal deletion syndrome.

Seasonal stratification on the northwest European Shelf is found to be triggered by rainfall from passing storms. Further links are made between the onset of stratification to large-scale pressure changes in the North Atlantic.

The impacts of carbon capture and storage (CCS) on subsurface microorganisms are poorly understood. Here, the authors show that deep ecosystems respond quickly to CO2 injections and that the environmental consequences of their metabolic activities need to be properly assessed for sustainable CCS in basalt.