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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Continued monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 at the population level is important for identifying at-risk groups. Here the authors analyse data from a serological surveillance platform in San Francisco and find considerable variation in infection and vaccination history by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

This study develops and validates a prognostic staging framework for Alzheimer’s disease by integrating cognitive status with blood-based biomarkers, and neuroimaging data, to improve risk stratification across the disease continuum.

CAR-T cell therapy has been shown to be effective in immunotherapy for treatment of several different tumours. Here the authors show pre-specified interim outcomes from a P-BCMA-ALLO1 trial with BCMA targeted CAR-T therapy in multiple myeloma.

Whole-genome and transcriptome analysis of 1,364 cases of breast cancer from South Korea broadens our understanding of breast cancer biology and reveals genomic features that connect tumour biology with treatment responses and clinical outcomes.

WHO STEPS survey data help assess global physical activity inequalities, and inform a new framework to recognize the impact of physical activity on health beyond cardiometabolic disease.

Lung adenocarcinomas bearing the ID2 mutational signature display increased LINE-1 retrotransposon activity, which contributes to their fast evolutionary dynamics and aggressive phenotype.

A growing number of compounds are reported to extend lifespan, but it remains unclear whether they reduce mortality across the entire life course or only at specific ages. Here the authors introduce an analytic tool that pinpoints when, for how long, and to what extent presumptive anti-aging treatments alter mortality risk.

Here, the authors perform metagenomic analysis of Ecuadorian mothers and children showing that improved WASH and reduced animal exposure can lower antimicrobial resistance in the gut but may reduce gut microbial diversity, with the strongest effects observed in mothers.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

An improved strategy for siting food and energy production is needed to avoid further habitat loss. This paper presents a multi-sector framework that can empower land use planners to find synergies across conservation and development sectors.

The molecular mechanisms underlying merlin-intact meningioma growth remain to be explored. Here, the authors show that merlin activates Wnt signalling and tumour growth through its dephosphorylation on serine 13 attenuating the inhibitory interactions with β-catenin.

Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation and ubiquitination tune TCR signaling to avoid self-reactivity. Kim and colleagues show that acetylation also modulates TCR signaling.

Repurposed inhibitors of DNA repair enzyme hOGG1 reduce inflammasome activity, increasing type I interferon responses in human cells, while also inhibiting disease-associated, and gain-of-function NLRP3 in patient PBMCs with autoinflammatory diseases

We introduce meta-amplified dark-field interferometric scattering microscopy, which uses a plasmonic metasurface to enhance sensitivity and contrast by converting nanoparticle-induced phase perturbations into strong far-field scattering signals.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Long COVID has heterogeneous presentation and clinical trajectories are not well defined. Here, the authors define trajectories using data from a prospective cohort study in the United States involving symptom questionnaires from acute infection up to 15 months.

A wearable human–machine interface combines inertial and electromyography sensors with deep learning to robustly extract gesture signals and enable real-time robotic control under diverse motion artefacts in dynamic environments.

The authors demonstrate that targeted protein degradation of the dengue virus capsid suppresses infection through capsid-dependent pathways rather than classical inhibition, revealing a new antiviral strategy effective against resistant viral variants.

Here, as part of the Sherlock-Lung study, the authors profile the microbiomes of 940 lung cancers in never smokers finding no significant associations with demographic and clinical features, suggesting lung bacteria are unlikely to have a sizable role in lung cancer.

The response to infectious and inflammatory challenges differs among people but the reasons for this are poorly understood. Here the authors explore the impact of variables such as age, sex, and the capacity for controlling inflammation and maintaining immunocompetence, linking this capacity to favourable health outcomes and lifespan.

In this Expert Recommendation, Bowtell and colleagues outline progress made over the last decade in the research and treatment of high-grade serous carcinoma as well as current challenges and research priorities for the coming years to reduce incidence and improve patient outcomes.

Myeloid cell recruitment during tumor inflammation depends on the VCAM-1 receptor integrin α4β1. Here the authors show that a high molecular weight form of myosin light chain kinase, MLCK210, is required for myeloid cell integrin α4β1 activation and adhesion and that MLCK210 inhibition reduces tumor growth and inflammation in preclinical cancer models.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

DNA methylation profiling of 565 meningiomas highlights three groups associated with distinct molecular, clinical and therapeutic features.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 58 independent risk loci for major anxiety disorders among individuals of European ancestry and implicates GABAergic signaling as a potential mechanism underlying genetic risk for these disorders.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

The transcription factor ATF4 and its effector lipocalin 2 (LCN2) have a key role in immune evasion and tumour progression, and targeting the ATF4–LCN2 axis might provide a way to treat several types of solid tumour by increasing anti-cancer immunity.

3D seismic image reveals inward dipping volcano stratigraphy down to magma reservoir at Axial volcano, SE Pacific, caused by emptying of magma reservoir. It also shows injected melt sills within the stratigraphy, indicating that the upper crust is formed by melt sill lava flow interaction.

This study shows that biomarker prediction accuracy from whole-slide images can reflect confounding by codependent biomarkers and correlated variables, suggesting that models may not learn the intended biology and may face challenges in clinical translation.

A bubble at an air–liquid interface can form a liquid jet upon bursting, spraying aerosol droplets into the air. Leeet al. show that jetting is analogous to pinching-off in liquid coalescence, which may be useful in applications that prevent jet formation and in the improved incorporation of aerosols in climate models.

Grosjean et al. present a network-aware, self-supervised learning approach for screening neuronal activity dynamics. They demonstrate its applicability across a range of neural interventions.