Cardiovascular risk factors can advance atherosclerosis. Elevated sympathetic nerve activity affects the development of atrial fibrillation, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affects atrial and ventricular filling pressures as well as volume overload. In these processes, prolonged P-wave, reflecting atrial remodeling, and BNP, reflecting impaired ventricular function, indicates that atherosclerosis is developing. Prolonged P-wave in advanced ECG-LVH is a risk for the occurrence of cardiovascular events.
- Ayako Yokota
- Tomoyuki Kabutoya
- Kazuomi Kario