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It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Nanoparticle strengthening provides a crucial basis for developing high-performance materials, which often fails to work due to poor thermal stability. Here, the authors achieve thermally stable nanoparticles at 800~1000 °C in chemically complex alloys via controllable sluggish lattice diffusion.

Furanocembranoid-like natural products with the alkene-substituted furan scaffold display a range of biological activities, but are difficult to access. Here, the authors report a modular biomimetic strategy to synthesise diverse alkene-substituted furan-containing macrolactams via palladium-catalysed unactivated Csp³-H olefination.

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest. By analyzing 532 genomes from 114 populations around the world, the authors find evidence supporting a South American origin of this moth, and look for signatures of positive selection.

The expansion of China’s waste-to-energy combustion capacity offers great carbon and energy benefits over landfills but remains a carbon-intensive process due to plastic waste and low efficiency. Enhanced waste sorting and the adoption of high-efficiency devices could decarbonize the power generated by these facilities to match that generated by natural gas by 2060.

Cross-ancestry and sex-stratified genome-wide association analyses for 21 amygdala volumetric traits in East Asian and European individuals provide insight into the genetic architectures of amygdala and subnucleus volumes.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

An open resource comprising chest computed tomography images and 130 clinical features of 1,521 patients with pneumonia, including COVID-19 pneumonia, facilitates the prediction of morbidity and mortality outcomes via deep learning.

Using a large multisite dataset of people with major depressive disorder and healthy controls, the authors show global brain connectivity alterations in the sensorimotor, visual, and default mode networks.

A short-lived carbon release preceded the PETM. Here the global nature of this is confirmed, effects on the surface ocean carbon cycle are resolved, and a thermogenic CO₂ source is inferred.

MAPK cascades activate innate immunity to defend against various pathogens. Here the authors show that Nicotiana benthamiana NbMPK3/6 can phosphorylate the tomato chlorosis virus P7 protein leading to suppression of callose-dependent antiviral defence.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses in populations of East Asian and European ancestries identify variant–trait associations for 44 hippocampal traits and provide insight into the genetic architectures of hippocampal and subfield volumes.

Shigella sonnei is a major contributor to the global burden of dysenteric diarrhoea in developed countries. In this work, authors report a S. sonnei clone which has caused numerous waterborne shigellosis outbreaks in China from 2015 to 2020.

Functional revascularization is vital to the recovery of blood flow. Here, Sun et al. show that myofiber FNIP1 is a negative regulator of muscle functional angiogenesis and revascularization after ischemia by controlling macrophage recruitment.

Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe, and at low temperatures it becomes a quantum crystal with exotic physical properties such as second sound, superfluidity, and giant plasticity. Here authors prepare 2D solid helium at room temperature through diamond lattice confinement.

Seafood methylmercury contamination is a global food safety issue. A model is developed to explore the impact of China’s municipal wastewater policies on seafood safety and reductions in methylmercury exposure.

Macrophages are considered a good candidate for cancer cytotherapy because of their phagocytotic capacity, enabling them to deliver cargo to tissues. Here authors engineer macrophages that are targeted to glypican-3-expressing tumour cells and equipped with drug-loaded exosomes and show therapeutic efficiency in a mouse model of hepatocellular cancer.

Gold-nanoparticle-coated titania nanowire arrays subretinally implanted in blind mice and monkeys offer advantages in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity towards the restoration of visual function.

Conventional intermetallics are usually brittle and hard to manufacture. This work successfully develops a strong yet ductile chemically complex intermetallic alloy based on the 3D printing technique.

Multi-component cascade transformations including difunctionalization of two alkynes with both syn- and anti-selectivity in one catalyst system is challenging. Herein, the authors report a Nickel-catalyzed four-component reaction to access densely substituted 1,3-dienes using two terminal alkynes, aryl boroxines, and perfluoroalkyl iodides.

H3K9me3 is an epigenetic barrier to the reprogramming of somatic cells to a totipotent state during somatic cell nuclear transfer. Here, the authors uncover molecular mechanisms regulating H3K9me3 modifications in this process.

A type II supernova (SN 2023ixf) was observed in the galaxy M101 at a distance of 6.85  ±  0.15 Mpc, at about 1.0  h after the explosion.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

In situ tests show that all-inorganic lead halide perovskite micropillars can morph into distinct shapes without affecting their optoelectronic properties and bandgap, which provides insights into the plastic deformation of semiconductors and also shows their potential for manufacturing relevant devices.

Phased chromosome-level genome provides insights into the molecular adaptation for enduring and extensive migratory lifestyle and population diversity for Pacific saury.

Successive fusion of yeast chromosomes is used to produce a single-chromosome strain that is viable, albeit with slightly reduced fitness.

Potential application of Titanium carbide MXene in wearable devices is limited by the formation of voids during assembly. Here, the authors demonstrate a synergistic densification strategy by intercalating small flakes and interfacial bridging to obtain high-performance MXene films.

An effective expansion system for therapeutic megakaryocyte-biased hematopoietic stem cells has not been developed. Here the authors present a microniche-based system that supports scalable expansion of human Mk-biased HSCs and identify their immune phenotype.

Using the lifespan brain chart and two large-scale cross-cultural consortia (ABIDE and CABIC), we disentangle the heterogeneity of brain morphology in ASD into two structural impairment pathways that could disrupt sensory to association functions.

This study examines how different head motion correction methods influence functional MRI analyses in autism spectrum disorder, showing that ICA-AROMA, when combined with physiological noise correction and global signal regression, enhances the ability to distinguish ASD from typical development