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Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

A polymerization method for converting elemental sulfur into a chemically stable, processable and electrochemically active copolymer has been described. This methodology — termed inverse vulcanization — is conducted by a one-step process using liquid sulfur, as both reaction medium and reactant, and vinylic comonomers to form polymeric materials with a high content of sulfur (50–90 wt%).

Together with an accompanying paper presenting a transcriptomic atlas of the mouse lemur, interrogation of the atlas provides a rich body of data to support the use of the organism as a model for primate biology and health.

The arthropod head is complex and its evolution has been difficult to reconstruct. Here, Park et al. describe new specimens of the Cambrian stem-group euarthropod Kerygmachela that preserve evidence of primitive compound eyes and a unipartite brain, providing insight into the structure of the early arthropod head.

Isoprene emissions are commonly estimated using satellite measurements and model simulations. Here, using eddy covariance, the authors report higher emission rates over the Amazon forest than those estimated with these techniques and a relationship between terrain elevation and isoprene emissions.

X-ray-free electron lasers produce X-ray pulses for use in applications such as the determination of molecular structures or the study of materials. Here, Mimura and colleagues demonstrate a two-stage focusing scheme to achieve unprecedented laser power densities of over 10²⁰ W cm⁻².

Molecules in intense laser fields have enhanced multiple ionization rates, caused by the ionic core and laser fields acting on the part of the molecule in the up-field. Here, direct proof of this model is presented by studying the instantaneous effect of the field direction during double ionization in ArXe.

How reduced blood flow plays a role in progressive white matter loss during aging and associated cognitive decline is unclear. Here the authors show that selective constriction and rarefaction of capillary–venous networks contribute to age-related hypoperfusion and white matter damage in mice.

A multi-modal analysis of pre-metastatic liver biopsies from patients with localized pancreatic cancer with a minimum of 3 years of follow-up shows that immunological, proliferative and metabolomic features distinguish patients who develop metastases from disease-free survivors and can be used to predict outcomes.

Tumor-derived soluble PD-L1 drives immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistance and has recently been reported to be removed by therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Here, the authors report a phase I clinical trial investigating the combination of radiotherapy, TPE, and ICI rechallenge in patients with ICI-refractory metastatic melanoma with high PD-L1.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.

Williams and colleagues investigate the origin, dynamics and transcriptional profiles of aortic intima macrophages during atherosclerosis disease progression.

scATAC-seq data pose statistical challenges due to sparsity and cell-specific sequence capture. Here, the authors present PACS, a zero-adjusted statistical model that enables complex hypothesis testing of accessibility-modulating factors while addressing sparse and incomplete data.

HITS-Bio, a high-throughput bioprinting platform, rapidly assembles spheroids to mimic native tissue architecture. Its intraoperative application in bone shows near-complete calvarial defect repair in rats and fabrication of scalable cartilage.

In a first-in-human phase 1 trial, HER2-specific CAR macrophages were feasible to manufacture and well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities in patients with HER2-overexpressing solid tumors.

Combined high-throughput protein engineering with machine learning to curate libraries of CRISPR genome-editing enzymes with distinct genome targeting properties is described.

Patricia Munroe, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Andrew Morris and colleagues perform association studies in over 340,000 individuals of European ancestry and identify 66 loci, of which 17 are novel, involved in blood pressure regulation. The risk SNPs are enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells.

Colour conversion of single photons may allow the advantages of quantum systems operating at different wavelengths to be simultaneously utilized. Researchers demonstrate the colour conversion of triggered single photons from a semiconductor quantum dot between 1.3 µm to 710 nm. The up-converted signal maintains the quantum character of the original light.

While CO₂ can be converted to CO for further reactivity, typically this involves the generation of large amounts of waste. Here the authors report the conversion of CO₂to CO, with the siloxane by-product being further used in a carbonylative Hiyama-Denmark coupling to form diarylketones.

The posterolateral cortical amygdala and other connected brain regions have a key role in mediating the transition from investigative to aggressive behaviour in male mice.

This study used fine-mapping to analyze genetic regions associated with bipolar disorder, identifying specific risk genes and providing new insights into the biology of the condition that may guide future research and treatment approaches.

An early Holocene sea-level curve based on data from the North Sea reveals two phases of accelerated sea-level rise owing to meltwater from the North American and Antarctic ice sheets.

Bilayer graphene has been shown to host fractional quantum Hall states. Here, the authors observe the fractional quantum Hall states at quarter- and half-filled Landau levels and the alternation of anti-Pfaffian and Pfaffian phases at half fillings.

Resistance to first line treatment is a major hurdle in cancer treatment, that can be overcome with drug combinations. Here, the authors provide a large drug combination screen across cancer cell lines to benchmark crowdsourced methods and to computationally predict drug synergies.

Topological quantum states can power fault-tolerant computing and solving classically hard problems. Here, authors create, measure and braid Fibonacci anyons on a superconducting processor obtaining golden-ratio and sample the anyon-free state to estimate chromatic polynomials.

Spatially resolved images of M87 obtained at a wavelength of 3.5 mm in 2018 show a ring-like accretion structure, the inner (outer) edge of which connects the black hole (jet).

3D brain atlases enable spatial data integration across studies. Here, the authors present the Developmental Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework, a 3D multimodal atlas from embryonic to adult ages for cell type mapping through brain development.

Vaccination efficiency in HIV infection is hampered by the low immunogenicity of HIV-1 Env glycoprotein (Env). Here authors optimise the neutralising antibody response to Env by stabilizing the Env trimers in the context of expressing them in a Newcastle Disease Virus-like particle and providing conditions that mimics replicating virus infection.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.

Spatial molecular imaging analysis of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas describes multicellular neighborhoods in the tumor microenvironment. Ligand–receptor analysis using optimal transport-based SCOTIA identifies interleukin-6 as a mediator of chemoresistance.

Progression of chronic kidney disease may lead to kidney failure and cardiovascular, metabolic and bone disease complications. Here, the authors conduct a large-scale proteomic study in patients with chronic kidney disease, identify numerous proteins that predict kidney failure, some of which are likely causal mediators and hence potential therapeutic targets.

Inhibition of a cardiac stroma-enriched mechanosensor, SRC—in concert with suppression of the TGFβ pathway—potentiates the reversal of fibroblast activation and alleviates contractile dysfunction in fibrotic hearts.

Deltex E3s modify ADP-ribosylated targets with ubiquitin, creating a hybrid modification whose readers remains unknown. Here, the authors synthesise a non-hydrolysable probe that mimics the modification and identify RNF114 as an interactor. RNF114 binds tightly to this modification and further elongates it with a K11-linked ubiquitin chain.

Damaging energy bursts in a tokamak are a major obstacle to achieving stable high-fusion performance. Here, the authors demonstrate the use of adaptive and machine-learning control to optimize the 3D magnetic field to prevent edge bursts and maximize fusion performance in two different fusion devices, DIII-D and KSTAR.

The study provides a comprehensive transcriptomic atlas of the human gastrointestinal tract across the lifespan, highlighting inflammation-induced changes in epithelial stem cells that alter mucosal architecture and promote further inflammation.

Fine-mapping has previously implicated the non-coding single nucleotide polymorphism rs117701653 as a risk variant for rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, however its function remained unclear. Here the authors show that this variant decreases binding of the inhibitory factor SMCHD1 to enhance expression of ICOS, promoting development of potentially pathogenic T peripheral helper cells.

Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of infectious disease and have unique molecular pathophysiology. Here the authors use host-microbe profiling to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in solid organ transplant recipients, showing enhanced viral abundance, impaired clearance, and increased expression of innate immunity genes.

Multilayer graphene is a promising electronic material because of its tunable band structure and pseudospin properties. Campos et al.show giant conductance oscillations in a ballistic trilayer graphene Fabry-Pérot interferometer that can be suppressed both classically and quantum mechanically.

Immunization via the respiratory route is predicted to increase the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here, Kaiser et al. describe a murine pneumonia virus vectored vaccine expressing spike protein, and show that intranasal immunization of male rhesus macaques provides good mucosal and systemic immunogenicity and efficacy.

The authors describe BoltzNet, a neural network that learns the energy of transcription factor (TF)-DNA binding from genomic data and can be used to design new binding sites. They report the in vivo mapping and BoltzNet modeling of 139 E. coli TFs.

Although the common genetic variants contributing to blood lipid levels have been studied, the contribution of rare variants is less understood. Here, the authors perform a rare coding and noncoding variant association study of blood lipid levels using whole genome sequencing data.

Trogocytosis, the uptake of membrane proteins by an antigen-presenting cell from its cognate T cell, allows the identification of neoepitopes targeted by T cell receptors with high sensitivity.

The condensation domains of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases use a concerted reaction mechanism in which the active site histidine probably serves as a crucial stabilizing hydrogen bond acceptor for the developing ammonium.

Helium is an atom of great scientific interest, yet much debate exists surrounding the shape its molecules form. Here Voigtsberger et al. present experimental results imaging the wavefuction of ⁴He₃ and ³He₄He₂ trimer systems, which suggest that ⁴He₃ is a random cloud while ³He₄He₂is a quantum halo state.

In a quantum simulation of a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory using a superconducting quantum processor, the dynamics of strings reveal the transition from deconfined to confined excitations as the effective electric field is increased.

Iacobucci et al. present the single-cell transcriptomic profile of patients with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, report enriched multipotency and develop a multipotency score that is associated with worse survival in pediatric patients.