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Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates vary across males from diverse populations. Here, the authors perform a proteome-wide association study across different populations and establish population-specific genetic prediction models.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Termites, the largest lineage of non-hymenopteran social insects, are important decomposers of plant organic matter in the tropics. Here, the authors sequence the genomes of 45 termites and two cockroach outgroups and investigate the influence of diet on the evolution of termite genomes.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

A combination of adenovirus-vectored and subunit protein intranasal vaccine enhances immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants in animal models and humans.

De novo design of Ca²⁺ channels with ion selectivity that can assemble appropriately and mediate Ca²⁺ conductance when expressed in cells is described.

Heart failure can be caused by cardiac fibroblasts replacing myocytes. Here, the authors use functional genomic data from fibroblasts, genetic signals enriched in people with heart disease, and gene perturbation analyses to link disease-associated regulatory elements to protein-coding genes.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

A long-period radio transient with coincident radio and X-ray emission and observational properties unlike any known Galactic object has been observed by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder.

Soft electronic probes for measuring neural activity can be made scalably in an initially planar form and turned into various three-dimensional geometries through a controlled rolling method.

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have identified colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility genes. Here, the authors combine two multi-tissue TWAS methods, Mendelian randomisation, and genetic colocalization to identify 37 likely causal CRC susceptibility genes.

Sweet corn is one of the most important vegetables in North America and has undergone different selection pressures than non-sweet cultivars. Here, the authors report its genome assembly and reveal the evolutionary history of modern sweet corn through population genomic analyses.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

Friction consolidation transforms brittle Sm–Co powders into dense magnets via shear-driven redox reactions and localized heating, enabling phase-selective refinement and enhanced magnetization in a single-step, low-temperature process.

Bacterial transcription with σ^N requires activation by specialized AAA+ ATPases. Here, the authors visualize transient structural intermediates and engineer a biochemical assay to show that these ATPases partially unfold σ^N to initiate transcription.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Inbreeding depression has been observed in many different species, but in humans a systematic analysis has been difficult so far. Here, analysing more than 1.3 million individuals, the authors show that a genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) is associated with disadvantageous outcomes in 32 out of 100 traits tested.

A study reports the development and validation of a wrist-worn, consumer wearable-based system that identifies sudden loss of pulse events with a performance profile suitable for societal-scale use.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

Most studies of the genetics of the metabolome have been done in individuals of European descent. Here, the authors integrate genomics and metabolomics in Black individuals, highlighting the value of whole genome sequencing in diverse populations and linking circulating metabolites to human disease.

Although the common genetic variants contributing to blood lipid levels have been studied, the contribution of rare variants is less understood. Here, the authors perform a rare coding and noncoding variant association study of blood lipid levels using whole genome sequencing data.

This study on the genetic diversity of 1,845 rhesus macaques improves genetic variation interpretation and identifies macaque models for inherited human retinal and neurodevelopment diseases.

Researchers present the evidence and mechanism of distinct phase transformation pathways in MAX phases under ion irradiation, providing a new theory and predictive method for phase behavior based on composition, advancing understanding of materials in extreme conditions.

Coastal wetlands are vulnerable to sea-level rise. Here, the authors use 16 years of data to correlate vegetation dieback in the Mississippi River Delta to drought-induced salt water intrusion in the summer of 2012.

The natural product didemnin B inhibits PPT1 and the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 in particular types of cancer cells containing a unique genetic profile that correlates with drug sensitivity.

Gorman et al. designed a Lassa virus prefusion-stabilized soluble glycoprotein complex trimer (GPC), with which they identified a Lassa virus-neutralizing nanobody that bound the GPC apex and elicited neutralizing antibody responses in guinea pigs.

An expanded OnGuard platform incorporates feedback between CO₂ concentration, photosynthesis and stomatal dynamics to connect molecular mechanisms with gas exchange in the leaf. Modelling and experimental data highlight the importance of intracellular calcium stores and calcium pumps in a response latency with environmental fluctuations.

Different phosphorylation patterns created by GRK2 and GRK5 on the C-terminal tail of ACKR3 lead to distinct structural arrangements and dynamics of G-protein-coupled receptor–arrestin complexes, potentially explaining diverse cellular outcomes.

CD200R1 is a transmembrane receptor expressed on macrophages. Here the authors report that the interaction of CD200R1 with its ligand CD200, expressed by tumor cells, suppresses phagocytosis, and that targeting CD200R1-CD200 promotes macrophage-mediated anti-tumor response.

The affected cellular populations during Alzheimer’s disease progression remain understudied. Here the authors use a cohort of 84 donors, quantitative neuropathology and multimodal datasets from the BRAIN Initiative. Their pseudoprogression analysis revealed two disease phases.

Vaccines against the WA1 SARS-CoV2 strain confer protection against other variants. However, the mechanisms underlying cross-protection are not fully understood. Here, the authors develop a method for rapid analysis of single B cells from patient samples and show that infection with a variant elicits convergent, public B cell responses to other variants.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis of individuals with clinically assessed or self-reported depression identifies 44 independent risk loci. Comparisons with other psychiatric disorders and candidate gene analyses provide new insights into major depressive disorder.

The influence of X chromosome genetic variation on blood lipids and coronary heart disease (CHD) is not well understood. Here, the authors analyse X chromosome sequencing data across 65,322 multi-ancestry individuals, identifying associations of the Xq23 locus with lipid changes and reduced risk of CHD and diabetes mellitus.

Expression of mdg4 retrotransposons during Drosophila metamorphosis activates the antiviral NF-κB factor Relish. Silencing of mdg4 or Relish at the pupal stage leads to an inability to clear exogenous viruses in adulthood.

Single-nucleus RNA sequencing from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 424 aging individuals, and mapping the effect of genetic variation on gene expression, identified a large number of cis-expression quantitative trait loci at the level of cell types and cell subtypes.

Analysis of whole-genome sequences of 25,465 individuals of European ancestry shows that rare variants contribute substantially to the heritability of height and body mass index.

Low-molecular-weight, highly branched polyethylenes are attractive candidates for synthetic lubricants, but their efficient production is constrained by a lack of effective catalytic methods. While conventional group IV transition metal catalysts produce diverse polyethylenes on a huge scale, they are unable to produce highly branched polyethylenes. Here a hydrocarbon-soluble organozirconium precatalyst and borate cocatalyst produce the desired polyethylenes with excellent activity and branch selectivity.

Alexander disease is a rare neurological disorder caused by mutations in GFAP, yet it is unclear how glial disruptions lead to neural death. Here, Wang et al. identify a mechanism by which glial-derived nitric oxide leads to neuronal degeneration in fly and mouse models of the disease.

mRNA-1273, an mRNA vaccine that encodes a stabilized prefusion-state severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, elicits robust immune responses and protects mice against replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper and lower airways.

In the phase 2 study LCCC1520 (NCT02690558), clinical activity of pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer has been reported. Here the authors present molecular and immune cellular features associated with response to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy.

Analysis of 97,691 high-coverage human blood DNA-derived whole-genome sequences enabled simultaneous identification of germline and somatic mutations that predispose individuals to clonal expansion of haematopoietic stem cells, indicating that both inherited and acquired mutations are linked to age-related cancers and coronary heart disease.