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An alternative mating system, termed parasex, produces progeny with high levels of genotypic diversity and is able to fulfil the roles of meiosis when it is absent in the fungal pathobiont Candida albicans.

Researchers develop a new way to selectively remove ion channel proteins by recruiting the body’s own NEDD4-2 enzyme using custom nanobodies, offering a precise and general strategy for future drug development.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Lung adenocarcinomas bearing the ID2 mutational signature display increased LINE-1 retrotransposon activity, which contributes to their fast evolutionary dynamics and aggressive phenotype.

Pilcher et al. present a single-cell transcriptomics-based immune atlas of participants with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, reporting on the association of cell types, gene expression and intercellular interactions with disease progression phenotypes.

PU.1^low CD28-expressing microglia may act as suppressive cells in Alzheimer’s disease, mitigating its progression by reducing neuroinflammation and amyloid plaque load, indicating potential immunotherapeutic approaches for treatment.

Photonic-crystal ring resonators (PhCRs) offer direct control of nonlinear interactions. Here, authors explore the bandgap detuned excitation regime of PhCRs where they open bandgaps mode-detuned from the pump laser, and demonstrate OPOs and microcombs with low threshold power and high efficiency.

Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging can provide a wealth of data compared to immunohistochemical staining, which is cheaper and more widely available. Ghahremani et al. present DeepLIIF, a GAN-based cell segmentation and classification approach, which is trained on co-registered images of these two modalities to provide the insights from the more data-rich muliplex data from simpler IHC images.

The authors show that the CD200 receptor (CD200R) promotes effective clearance of pulmonary Francisella tularensis infection in knock out mice. This result is unexpected as CD200R is known to dampen pulmonary immune responses, and these data suggest that the beneficial effect against F. tularensis is due to depletion of a neutrophil niche for the bacterium.

A very cold and/or extremely reddened protoplanet in the disk around MWC 758 has been detected in images and with spectroscopy. MWC 758c is responsible for driving the disk’s spiral arm patterns. The protoplanet orbits at a projected separation of ~100 au and is one of the youngest giant planets known.

Neuron-specific DNA methylation and intragenic enhancers target the Rett syndrome protein methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 to regulate genes that delineate closely related neuron types, suggesting breakdown of fine-scale neuronal specification in developmental disorders.

High-contrast near-infrared imaging of the nearby star HR 8799 has shown three giant planets. Here, the presence of a fourth planet, interior to and about the same mass as the other three, is reported. The system, with this additional planet, represents a challenge for current planet formation models as none of them can explain the in situ formation of all four planets.

Glycomic profiling of mucosal surfaces identified O-mucin glycoconjugate motifs that regulate Candida albicans virulence. Synthetic analogs based on these glycans suppress fungal filamentation, offering potential for antifungal development.

A study describing an approach that combines imaging and profiling techniques to structurally and functionally analyse lung cancer in vivo, revealing heterogeneous mitochondrial networks and an association between bioenergetic phenotypes and mitochondrial organization and function.

Investigating catalysts under their working conditions is crucial for understanding structure-performance relationships. Here, the authors utilize operando transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations to explore the structure-performance correlations of a copper catalyst in ethylene oxidation.

An integrated transcriptome, genome, methylome and proteome analysis of over 200 lung adenocarcinomas reveals high rates of somatic mutations, 18 statistically significantly mutated genes including RIT1 and MGA, splicing changes, and alterations in MAPK and PI(3)K pathway activity.

The authors generated knock-in mice of the AMPAR auxiliary subunit TARP that lack the C-terminal PDZ ligand. They found that synaptic transmission and AMPAR were reduced without changes in extrasynaptic AMPAR expression, but LTP was unaltered.

Iron- and nitrogen-doped carbon materials are effective catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction whose active sites are poorly understood. Here, the authors establish a new pyridinic iron macrocycle complex as a more effective active site model relative to legacy pyrrolic model complexes.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

The PSA (KLK3) genetic variant rs17632542 is associated with reduced prostate cancer risk and lower serum PSA levels, although the underlying reasons are unclear. Here, the authors show that this PSA variant reduced proteolytic activity and leads to smaller tumours, but also increases invasion and bone metastasis, indicating its dual risk association depending on tumour context; the variant is associated with both lower risk and poor clinical outcomes.

Age at voice-breaking is used to determine puberty timing in men, recall of which is considered less accurate than age at first menarche in women. Here, the authors perform multi-trait GWAS for male puberty timing by including both age at voice breaking and age of first facial hair for improved phenotype definition and power.

The near-surface structure of oxide electrocatalysts during the oxygen evolution reaction is key to performance but remains elusive. Here the authors use operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy to track the size-dependent catalytic activity of CoO_x(OH)_y nanoparticles down to 1 nm and their structural changes under reaction conditions.

The small molecule Nobiletin enhances circadian rhythms and protects against obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction in mice. Here the authors test its effect on health and lifespan, reporting that circadian enhancement promotes fitness and healthy aging in metabolically challenged mice.

Axonemal dyneins are tethered to doublet microtubules inside cilia to drive ciliary beating but the mechanisms regulating their localization and function are poorly understood. Here authors report a cryo-EM reconstruction of a three-headed axonemal dynein natively bound to doublet microtubules isolated from cilia which provides a framework to understand the roles of individual subunits.

Detailed atomic models of axonemes from algal flagella and human respiratory cilia, which are hair-like protrusions from cells that enable motility and clear mucus from human airways, could provide insights into how they function.

Neurons in the ventral hippocampus project to parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons in the infralimbic (IL) region of medial prefrontal cortex. Activation of this projection produces feed-forward inhibition of IL and causes relapse of extinguished fear.

Micro-sized silicon are promising anode materials due to low-cost and high-energy, yet their application is hindered by inaccessible electrolytes. Here, the authors report sulfolane-based electrolytes that form silicon-phobic interphases and enable high-voltage pouch cells to achieve superior cycle life.

In non-small cell lung cancer, the presence of monocyte-derived macrophages inversely correlates with the presence of NK cells. Merad and colleagues propose that when monocytes phagocytose tumor debris they express TREM2, become pro-tumorigenic, and suppress NK cell recruitment and activation in tumors.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) onsets in COVID-19 patients with manifestations similar to Kawasaki disease (KD). Here the author probe the peripheral blood transcriptome of MIS-C patients to find signatures related to natural killer (NK) cell activation and CD8+ T cell exhaustion that are shared with KD patients.

There is a great need for inexpensive and sensitive tests to measure HIV viral load in patients’ samples. Here, Zhao et al. describe a cost-effective colorimetric method based on synthetic peptide nucleic acids that quantifies HIV RNA molecules from infected patients’ plasma.

Comprehensive analyses of 178 lung squamous cell carcinomas by The Cancer Genome Atlas project show that the tumour type is characterized by complex genomic alterations, with statistically recurrent mutations in 11 genes, including TP53 in nearly all samples; a potential therapeutic target is identified in most of the samples studied.

Transcription factors are rich in intrinsic disorder and therefore hard to drug. The authors improve an experimental drug for castration-resistant prostate cancer by learning how the activation domain of the androgen receptor activates transcription.

Many microtubules in the mitotic spindle are made through microtubule branching. Here, the authors report a structural model of the augmin complex and insights into its role in microtubule branching.

Similarities in cancers can be studied to interrogate their etiology. Here, the authors use genome-wide association study summary statistics from six cancer types based on 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, showing that solid tumours arising from different tissues share a degree of common germline genetic basis.

Experimentally constrained flow laws predict ice-sheet strain rates that differ by an order of magnitude from estimates made using previous flow laws, highlighting the need for accurate flow laws in ice-sheet modelling.

The multihole mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction on semiconductor electrodes has been hard to elucidate due to a lack of atomic-scale structural characterization of the material interface. Using pulse voltammetry and simulations of α-Fe₂O₃ photoanodes, this study predicts the chemical origin of the third-order rate dependence on holes.

Rao and Cai et al. perform a detailed metabolic comparison between primary tumours from patients and their matching xenografts, which identify conserved as well as divergent metabolic patterns.

Computer simulations show that mantle material from Theia, a proto-planet theorized to have struck the proto-Earth in the Moon-forming giant impact, may be the source of Earth’s basal mantle anomalies.

T-cell receptors expressed on mucosal-associated invariant T cells function in a similar manner to innate immune receptors by recognizing small molecules such as microbial metabolites. Here, the authors report structures of this receptor in complex with vitamin B metabolites presented by the MHC-like protein MR1.

Late childhood is an important period for the development of inhibitory control underlying self-regulation and impulse control behavior. Here, the authors identify brain mechanisms and functional cortical-basal ganglia circuits that predict inhibitory control in children.