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The efficient mass transport is the key factor to advancing the flow-electrocatalytic chemosynthesis. Here, the authors design a flow-through architecture in flow electrolyzer, reinforcing mass transport in the electrolyte to achieve the high efficiency of continuous oxime electrosynthesis.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) shows immunotherapy resistance and has limited treatment options. Here the authors show that arachidonic acid, a ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, can induce pyroptosis and enhace anti-PD-1 therapy in an immunocompetent PDAC model.

This study shows that WDR5 remodels NANOG condensates to control transcriptional programs. Disrupting their interaction compromises stem cell identity and suppresses leukemia stem cell expansion.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

The efficient low-temperature combustion of stable alkanes remains a major challenge in catalysis. Now it has been shown that a Pt–Nb dual-atom catalyst enables propane combustion through a distinct stepwise-boosting, current-assisted atomic relay mechanism, yielding complete conversion below 200 °C and a high turnover frequency.

CrPS₄, a 2D van der Waals A-type antiferromagnet, is shown to exhibit ideal characteristics of Stoner–Wohlfarth antiferromagnets, such as ferromagnet-like binary switching rather than layer-by-layer flipping as in other 2D A-type antiferromagnets.

Liu, Liu, Wu and Yao et al. developed a peptide inhibitor that selectively blocks the Ada-two-A-containing histone complex by targeting the YEATS2 YEATS domain and suppresses tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Peng et al. identify a class of non-aromatic, chorismate-derived compounds, abundant in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. These compounds are made by a biosynthetic gene cluster comprising five adjacent genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes.

Light-dependent phosphorylation can modulate rice blast immunity. Here the authors show that the receptor-like kinase OsLIKE1 phosphorylates LHCB5 to confer blast resistance and identify SNPs that could potentially be used to breed resistant cultivars.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

This study establishes MPXV clade IIb-infected SCID mouse models presenting with pneumonia, lesions, and localized inflammation that recapitulate key clinical manifestations observed in high-risk populations, and demonstrates that the timing of treatment initiation and the stage of disease progression critically influence the anti-MPXV efficacy of both tecovirimat and cidofovir.

Intestinal mucin 1 (MUC1) is a glycosylated protein that maintains intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) integrity. Here, the authors show that reduced intestinal MUC1 levels and glycosylation facilitate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) progression by impairing IEB integrity, via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and NEDD4-mediated lysosomal degradation of MUC1 (triggered by decreased glycosylation).

This study presents a two-step chemical reprogramming strategy that converts fibroblasts into functional retinal pigment epithelium cells, offering a safe and scalable alternative for vision restoration in retinal degenerative diseases.

Phellodendron amurense is a Tertiary relict species with significant ecological and medicinal value. Here, the authors report its genome assembly and reveal the involvement of CNMT gene family is berberine biosynthesis.

The fabrication of two-dimensional covalent organic framework films with uniform thickness, ordered structure and excellent semiconducting performance directly on substrates for applications in electronic devices remains challenging. Here, the authors address the challenge and produce out-of-plane oriented two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks by a Marangoni flow-aided interface synthesis method.

Improving protein stability by inverse folding often compromises function. Here, the authors develop ABACUS-T, a multimodal inverse folding model that combines structural and evolutionary information to redesign proteins with enhanced stability while preserving biological activity.

Achieving desired colloidal dispersion and charge transport of FAPbI₃ perovskite quantum dots remains challenging. Here, the authors incorporate bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate to increase configurational entropy and improve solvent interaction, achieving device efficiency of 18.68% for solar cells.

He et al. present a parameter-efficient fine-tuning method for single-cell language models that improves performance on unseen diseases, treatments and cell types.

Only 0.2–2.6% of synthesized biomass stays in live plants at the global scale, as revealed by biomass retention efficiency, a newly developed metric based on satellite data and ecosystem models.

Cobalt ions in different sublayers of the double-layered Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite Sr₃Co₂O₇ are found to develop inequivalent ionic displacements, geometrically generating a polar state while preserving metallic conductivity and exhibiting antiferromagnetism.

Drug-resistant bacterial infections hinder tissue repair and regeneration. Here, authors present a lysozyme nanofibril-based hydrogel that mimics neutrophil extracellular traps, enabling pathogen elimination and promoting tissue regeneration.

Silicon materials offer high capacity in Li-ion batteries but suffer from huge volume changes during cycling, requiring external pressure to maintain performance. Here, authors develop a self-healing gel polymer electrolyte that confines silicon expansion without external pressure.

A smartphone-controlled ingestible capsule can have a two-way communication with engineered microbes inside the gut via light-induced signals.

Thermomechanical pressing and immediate quenching of electro spun nanofibers produces transparent, poling-free piezoelectric films with nearly doubled piezoelectric output and significantly improved mechanical strength.

Field data reveal that thaw slumps on the Tibetan Plateau initially turn alpine grasslands from CO₂ sinks into sources by exposing bare ground; as slumps stabilize and vegetation returns, CO₂ exchange recovers toward a sink.

A wearable human–machine interface combines inertial and electromyography sensors with deep learning to robustly extract gesture signals and enable real-time robotic control under diverse motion artefacts in dynamic environments.

Population genomics has primarily focused on sequence polymorphisms rather than gene expression diversity. Here, the conduct RNA-seq for 328 common wheat lines to investigate the role of gene expression variation in shaping agronomic traits and their contributions to modern wheat improvement.

Advancements in spin-orbit-torque magnetic random-access memory require solutions for achieving high density and low power consumption. Here, the authors achieve a significant and simultaneous enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and spin-orbit-torque conductivity by inserting an ultrathin gadolinium layer at the β-W/CoFeB interface, positioning rare-earth elements as key multifunctional regulators for efficient spintronic devices.

The paper addresses subsurface anomaly detection using radar data. It proposes to enhance the Segment Anything Model with reservoir computing, combining visual segmentation with wave analysis. This approach improves the accuracy of detecting and categorizing underground issues while reducing manual effort.

Seawater electrolysis for green hydrogen is hindered by corrosive chloride ions. Here, the authors report a substrate-adaptive sacrificial corrosion strategy for creating highly active anodes that resist seawater corrosion and break thermodynamic selectivity limits.

Combining antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting HER2 has been shown to improve efficacy in patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer. Here, the authors report a randomised phase 2b trial comparing neoadjuvant ARX788 (HER2 ADC) plus pyrotinib (HER1, HER2 and HER4 TKI) against neoadjuvant standard of care (docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab) for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer.

One challenge for spin-based electronics is the controlled and reliable switching of magnetization without magnetic fields. Here, Liu et al investigate a variety of compositions of CoPt, and determine the specific composition to maximize switching performance, potentially simplifying device design.

An efficient and stable Cu-18Zn-8Al-0.3V-0.3Si shape memory alloy for elastocaloric refrigeration has been developed. Its high performance stems from a unique composition-modulated microstructure that promotes the formation of non-twinned martensite.

Future projection of changes in the East Asia Summer and Winter Monsoon are hindered by a lack of understanding of past variability. Here, using longterm transient simulations, the authors show that the monsoons respond in phase to precessional forcing, yet out of phase millennial-scale North Atlantic forcing.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

ATG16L1 is a key autophagic protein. Here, the authors elucidate the molecular basis of ATG16L1 interactions with FIP200 and ATG8 family proteins, showing that the interaction of ATG16L1 with FIP200 is indispensable for the effective autophagic flux.

Authors identify and characterize 16 endo−1,3-fucanases within the GH168 family sequence space, unveiling a recognition mechanism for sulfate polysaccharides. These findings can promote the application of endo−1,3-fucanases for the development of sulfated fucans.