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Starch is a major component of wheat grains. Here the authors show that the PIL1 transcription factor positively regulates grain starch synthesis and identify elite alleles that could be used to enhance wheat yield and starch content.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

The relationship between innate immunity and cellular senescence is unclear. Here the authors show that NRF1 promotes inflammatory signaling and suggest that NRF1 inhibition may improve age-related health outcomes.

Resistance to KRAS-targeted therapies is a challenge, especially with co-mutations like KEAP1. Here, the authors show that increasing polyamine metabolism enhances KRAS-targeted therapy efficacy but requires also increasing the polyamine-metabolism SAT1 enzyme in KEAP1-mutant context.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating swift and precise diagnostic solutions. Here, the authors introduce a culture-free diagnostic platform integrating microfluidic cell enrichment, single-cell Raman spectroscopy, and deep learning, that identifies bacterial and fungal infections directly from clinical samples within 20 minutes.

The authors introduce and demonstrate a programmable optically-driven organic micro-actuator for precise manipulation of on-chip structures. This paves the way for adaptive, multifunctional photonic systems.

Using data from six population-scale cohorts involving more than 10 million individuals, a large language model-based aging signature is shown to outperform traditional aging biomarker indices and signatures in predicting multiple health outcomes, at general and organ-specific levels.

A newly identified coronavirus isolated from farmed minks can use the receptor ACE2 to infect cells of different mammalian species, including human cells, which has implications for potential zoonotic spillover events.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and PAF-like phospholipids were identified as propagators of ferroptosis, whereas PAFAH2 suppressed synchronized ferroptosis and, thus, prevented tubular cell death in acute kidney injury.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of allotetraploid Nicotiana tabacum and its ancestors, along with their transcriptomes, epigenomes and genotype and phenotype data for 5,196 N. tabacum germplasms, provide insights into genome evolution and complex trait regulation.

Genomic analyses of Citrus species including haplotype-resolved genomes of Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium highlight the origin of sweet orange and provide a strategy for de novo domestication of perennial crops.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

The formation of secondary organic aerosol in Chinese megacities is dominated by the condensation of anthropogenic organic vapours, according to measurements across three urbanized regions.

The authors demonstrate a significant influence of canopy structure on autumn phenology in temperate forests, mediated by microclimate regulation. Incorporating this relationship into autumn phenology models enhances their prediction accuracy and reduces previously projected delays in autumn phenology.

Nitrate electroreduction to ammonia can decrease pollutants and produce high-value ammonia. Here, the authors design a Fe/Cu diatomic catalyst on nitrogen-doped graphene, which exhibits high catalytic activities of and selectivity for ammonia.

Achieving direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion from pure water using solely organic heterogeneous catalysts is still challenging. Here the authors report an all-organic semiconductor catalyst system for overall water splitting under visible to near-infrared light via triplet-triplet annihilation up conversion based on spin coupling.

The dynamics of planted forests in China over the past three decades have contributed ~1198tg of above-ground carbon storage.

Here, the authors observed significant genetic correlation of GlycA with lung function, asthma and COPD and identified ten shared loci revealing potential shared biological mechanisms involving ubiquitination and Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

ABA signaling and Ca²⁺ signaling regulatory networks are crucial for how plants respond to drought stress. Here, the authors reported that the functional module of the CBL1/9-CIPK1-PYLs regulatory network plays a negative role in ABA signaling and its response to drought stress.

Given the importance of the chiral α-benzyl cyclic carbonyl motif in pharmaceutically active compounds, various transformations have been developed to access chiral compounds containing this motif but they often include harsh reaction conditions. Here the authors develop a one-pot concurrent chemoenzymatic cascade reaction and demonstrate the synthesis of α-benzylcyclic ketones with high enantioselectivity.

Tree height and forest structure may both determine forest responses to drought. Here, the authors analyse highresolution airborne LIDAR data on <1 million trees during the 2012-2016 California drought and find that presence of both tall trees and structurally complex stands reduces tree mortality under drought.

Low-temperature decomposition and insufficient plastic deformability are bottlenecks that limit the practical applications of nanograined Al alloys. Here the authors utilize a high density vacancies in combination with Sc microalloying to stabilize nanograined Al-Cu alloys.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses in populations of East Asian and European ancestries identify variant–trait associations for 44 hippocampal traits and provide insight into the genetic architectures of hippocampal and subfield volumes.

Adipose beiging is a positive biological change, which is often thought to be primarily sympathetically induced. Here, the authors show that M2 macrophages can independently promote beige adipogenesis, further revealing the adipocyte transcription factor Ets1 as a negative regulator of this process.

Zheng et al. generate and utilize a biobank of colorectal cancer PDOs to find that high LGR4 is linked to chemoresistance. They develop a monoclonal antibody against LGR4 that activates ferroptosis and is therapeutically beneficial.

The disease-causing pathogen Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) is a human type-A Enterovirus. Here the authors present the cryo-EM structures of the mature CVA10 virion and the empty- and A-particles of CVA10, which is of interest for CVA10 vaccine development.

The association between blood pressure (BP) and migraine is poorly understood. Here, the authors explore this relationship using summary-level GWAS data for BP and migraine. Cross-trait meta-analysis reveals shared loci between BP and migraine, while Mendelian randomization suggests that diastolic BP specifically plays a key role in migraine susceptibility.

Metagenomic analysis of cold seep water columns reveals microbial diversity and metabolic interactions driving biogeochemical cycles, emphasizing key roles of methanotrophs and ecological stratification at the bottom water interface.

Weng et al. developed a photocaged lysine-based gain-of-function strategy termed DeKinomics to systematically dissect kinase activity with high specificity and temporal resolution under living conditions.