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Natural variation in the promoter of OsTPS8 contributes to differences in grain chalkiness and seed vigor between indica and japonica rice subspecies by altering trehalose-6-phosphate biosynthesis and α-amylase levels.

Carbon dots can serve as drug delivery systems, enhancing drug solubility, bioavailability and accumulation within tumours while reducing off target effects. Here, the authors report a quadruple-conjugated nanomodel consisting of two targeting peptides and two anticancer agents using carbon dots as nanocarriers, demonstrating its cytotoxicity in multiple high-grade glioma cell lines.

The olfactory epithelium (OE) undergoes changes during aging and this may affect inflammatory responses and immune cell infiltration. Here the authors look at the effect of aging on OE and how this involves cross talk between T cells and horizontal basal cells involving Il17a expression in OE which is increased in aging and inhibition of IL-17a function reduces respiratory metaplasia.

Noise in high-speed fluorescence imaging limits real-time analysis of neural dynamics. We present FAST, a lightweight deep-learning framework that leverages spatial-temporal redundancy for calcium, voltage, and volumetric imaging, enabling real-time denoising at >1000 fps.

Yu and colleagues present a single-cell transcriptomic landscape of olfactory neuroblastoma, characterizing different tumor subtypes and cancer cell responses to drug treatments.

This study shows how a dirigent protein and an aldo-keto reductase derail the gossypol pathway in cotton, producing hemigossypolone and heliocides in green organs and enhancing plant defense, revealing insights into plant specialized metabolism.

Controllable supply of hydrogen during electroreduction reactions on conventional catalysts is hindered by pH-dependent hydrogen species formation. Here the authors present a lattice-hydrogen cycling mechanism that decouples hydrogen intermediate availability from electrolyte pH.

Late-stage aromatic chlorination of active pharmaceutical ingredients has enormous potential in drug discovery yet still features limited applicability due to issues of functional-group tolerance. Now, dimethyl sulfoxide is reported as catalyst for the chlorination of a diverse family of bioactive molecules in combination with N-chlorosuccinimide.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

This study is an analysis of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from 2005 to 2024, which showed significant differences across countries, and Clone Group 1 emerged as the principal dissemination vector globally.

The microbial synthesis of carbon-containing compounds from single carbon precursors is desirable, yet designed pathways to achieve this goal overlap with host metabolism. Here the authors design a de novo metabolic pathway to assimilate formaldehyde into acetyl-CoA that does not overlap with known metabolic networks.

Identification of shared genetic determinants of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, along with cardiometabolic risk factors, reveals the role of blood pressure and lipid traits, which may facilitate the development of new drug targets.

Zhao et al. identify an unexpected role of the nuclear export factor Nxf2 as a partner of Panoramix in mediating piRNA-guided silencing. Nxf2 counteracts Nxf1-centred nuclear RNA transport to prevent the export of transposon transcripts.

Bacterial antiviral STANDs (Avs) protect against phage invasions. Here, the authors reveal that EfAvs5 forms clustered filaments for NAD⁺ hydrolysis and can be activated by phage gp1.7 protein, elucidating its antiviral mechanism.

Achieving zero liquid discharge is an essential step towards the sustainability of hypersaline brine treatment. A potential method to achieve zero liquid discharge on the basis of electrodialysis crystallization is now demonstrated.

Injured peripheral neurons activate pro-growth gene programs, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that disruption of circadian clock factor Bmal1 accelerates axon regeneration through augmented epigenetic responses after injury.

At the tetrad stage, OsSRF8 interacts with OsINP1 to promote the formation of aperture plasma membrane protrusion (APMP). Then, the OsINP1-OsSRF8 protein complex recruits OsDAF1 to the APMP site and co-regulate pollen aperture formation in rice.

Sugar metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of various diseases including cancer. Here, the authors report a thermal proteome profiling (TPP)-based strategy to profile the FBP interactome and describe a chemical signaling role for FBP, contributing to an intrapathway feedback for glycolysis and cell proliferation.

The critical nucleus, which considered a key step in the formation of clathrate hydrates, has not yet been empirically confirmed. Here, the authors probe the critical nucleus size in clathrate formation of tetrahydrofuran and thus provide mechanistic insights.

Intra-cell line heterogeneity remains to be characterized. Here, the use of single multi-omics on a large panel of human cell lines identifies copy number variation, epigenetic variation and extrachromosomal DNA distribution as the main contributors to intra-cell line heterogeneity.

A multimodal model for the stratification of breast cancer risk based on clinical metadata, mammography and trimodal ultrasound images performed as well as or better than radiologists at tumour classification and at differential diagnosis.

The role of meteorological factors in SARS-COV-2 transmission is not well understood. Here, the authors use county-level data from the United States to the end of 2020 and find evidence of a moderate association between increased transmissibility and cold, dry weather and low ultraviolet radiation.

EDA variants are associated with X-linked hypohidrotic dysplasia. Here, the authors report the crystal structure of the human EDA-EDAR complex, reveal the important role of this complex in ectodermal development and uncover the structural mechanism of disease-related mutations in EDA.

Morphology of organic thin film, including the in-plane and out-of-plane directions, plays a crucial role in determining the performance of organic solar cells, yet the characterisation is challenging for the out-of-plane direction. Here, the authors use GTSAXS to uncover the nanomorphology in this dimension, and show how it affects exciton dissociation and charge transfer.

Open fires can increase heavy exposure to hazardous particulate matters, and thus harm human health, particularly among the vulnerable individuals, such as pregnant women. Here, the authors show an association between maternal exposure to fire smoke and increased risk of pregnancy loss in South Asia.

Forkhead transcription factor FoxF2 plays a crucial role in the development of organs derived from primitive gut. Here the authors show that reduction of Foxf2 expression in stromal cells is associated with high grade prostate cancer and that increasing prostatic stromal Foxf2 sensitizes prostate cancer to immune checkpoint blockade.

Research into single crystal organic-inorganic halide perovskites have gained momentum due to the potential applications, yet the growth is still a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a universal method based on polymer controlled nucleation process to achieve large-size and high-quality perovskite single crystals.

The scaffold protein Abraxas brother 1 (ABRO1) accumulates in the nucleus after oxidative stress but its role in cellular responses to DNA damage has not been elucidated. Here the authors show that ABRO1 exerts its tumour suppressor activity by regulating p53 stability via USP7 deubiquitinase.

Authors carry out a genomic analysis of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, noting subclonal expansion, associated with the emergence of a hypervirulent subpopulation.