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mGWAS reveals ZmICE1 as a key hub for integrating amino acid metabolic pathways and cold tolerance in maize. Natural variation in ZmICE1 promoter regulates the binding affinity of ZmMYB39, which confers the diverse cold tolerance in maize.

Signalosomes amplify cellular responses, but how they avoid uncontrolled activation is unclear. The authors use quantitative super-resolution imaging and mathematical modeling to reveal optimal RIP3:RIP1 ratios that ensure precise cell death signaling.

Neural tissue is a key signalling centre for fundic–antral patterning in development of gastric organoids featuring asymmetric PDX1 patterning.

Tissue-specific mRNA or gene editing machinery delivery is achieved with lipid nanoparticles containing peptides with specific sequences, which tune the protein corona of the particles by mechanical optimization of peptide–protein binding affinities.

In this study, authors show that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives 63% of dengue case variation via rising local temperatures. They estimate future cases may increase by 39–82% due to increasing ENSO events under human-induced warming.

A ligand oxidation structure-adaptive strategy creates an ultra-thin passivation nanolayer that enables copper and its alloys to resist corrosion and oxidation in harsh environments while retaining intrinsic electrical and thermal conductivities.

IRF3 initiates type I IFN transcription, and this is required for host defense. Here, Chen and colleagues show that RAD18 terminates the transcriptional activity of IRF3 and subsequently promotes the autophagic degradation of IRF3.

Dysregulated R-loops can compromise genome stability, leading to pathological consequences. Li et al. demonstrate that R-loop-induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 activation orchestrates exonuclease 3′–5′ domain-containing 2-mediated R-loop resolution, thereby safeguarding genomic integrity.

Li et al. show that the inner nuclear membrane protein LEMD3 organizes 3D chromatin architecture by anchoring heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery to maintain vascular smooth muscle cell contractile identity.

Conventional super-oscillatory devices suffer from numerical-aperture related issue including depth of focus, chromatic dispersion, and focusing, Here, the authors utilised multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimise the design and experimentally demonstrated lens with an extended depth of focus, ultra-large working distance and suppressed side-lobes.

The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human phagocyte NADPH oxidase in the activated state provides insight into how cytosolic factors bind to and promote the activating conformational changes of NOX2, facilitating its efficient electron transfer.

SOX2 is known to be oncogenic in squamous cell carcinomas. Here, the authors demonstrate that SOX2 promotes global histone acetylation and reprograms lipid metabolism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells.

A receptor–kinase module involving KOIN and CRPK1 integrates membrane trafficking and kinase signalling to mediate cold-induced root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis via the 14-3-3–CBF3–SHR pathway.

Giant full-alloy QDs flatten the energy disorder between the QD layer and hole transport layer, realizing low voltage-driven bright QLEDs with a T₉₅@1000 cd m^-2 lifetime surpassing 72,000 h.

Efficient and stable catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions are difficult to achieve due to slow kinetics and degradation. Here, the authors use a ‘carbon defect anchoring’ strategy to create Pt₁Ni₁@Pt core-shell nanoparticles with high activity and durability.

Radiation colitis is a major side effect for pelvic radiotherapy patients, but there are limited available treatments. Here, the authors use a halloysite clay based material for the alleviation of radiation colitis in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis.

Mycobacterium kansasii can cause serious pulmonary disease. Here, the authors present a population genomics analysis of 358 environmental and clinical isolates from around the world, supporting the idea that municipal water is a main source of infection, and shedding light into the pathogen’s diversity and adaptation to the human host.

Back brushing reverses the negative impact of early tail pinching on anxiety and social behaviors in mandarin voles by restoring oxytocin neuron activity in the PVN and dopamine release in the NAc

A 43-year dataset of rodents in the Hu region of China reveals how urbanization-induced changes to land-use configuration affect rodent community composition, including benefitting striped field mice, the primary local hosts of the zoonotic pathogen Hantaan virus.

Multi-animal behaviour quantification is pivotal for deciphering animal social behaviours and has broad applications in neuroscience and ecology. Han and colleagues develop a few-shot learning framework for multi-animal 3D pose estimation, identity recognition and social behaviour classification.

Here the author reveal that histone crotonylation (including H3K9cr) exert a role in kidney fibrosis, where ACSS2 represents a potential target to slow fibrotic kidney disease progression.

Active systems of self-rotating elements are of fundamental interest due to their inherent chirality and parity violation. Here, the authors use large-scale hydrodynamic simulations to reveal that adhesive spinners confined to quasi-2D monolayers exhibit unique gelation pathways, with tunable elastic properties dependent on spinning activity, offering insights for designing programmable soft materials.

Cellular senescence is associated with epigenetic remodeling. Here, the authors report that TGF-β signaling promotes miR-29 mediated loss of H4K20me3 thus accelerating senescence.

The foundry-compatible platform could facilitate integration of phase change materials for reconfigurable photonics and open up the possibility of integrating excellent optoelectronic materials into future silicon photonic process design kits.

Seeking eco-friendly materials with equivalent performance to lead-based piezoelectric materials remains an urgent demand. Here, the authors design potassium–sodium niobate-based lead-free piezoelectric materials with large potential.

Conventional upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) cannot activate multiple neuron populations independently using optogenetics. Here the authors report trichromatic UCNPs with excitation-specific luminescence to allow activation of three distinct neuronal populations in the brain of awake mice.

The molecular underpinning of silk-producing organs is not well characterized. Here the authors use single-cell RNA sequencing to build an atlas of the silkworm silk gland and reveal the heterogeneity of silk gland cells.

Lithium–sulfur batteries have a high specific capacity, but lithium polysulfide diffusion (LPS) and dendrite growth reduce their cycle life. Here, the authors show a biomimetic aramid nanofiber membrane for effectively suppressing LPS diffusion as well as lithium dendrites while allowing lithium ions to be transported. The membranes resists performance degradation at high temperatures and can be produced at scale by Kevlar recycling.