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Yang et al. use cryo-ET and resolve a unique native architecture of microtubule singlet-to-doublet transition in the basal body of Plasmodium. They reveal the key role of δTubulin and ε-Tubulin in this transition during Plasmodium male gametogenesis.

In patients with metastatic osteosarcoma who have progressed on first-line chemotherapy, the prognosis is poor. Here, the authors report a phase II randomized clinical trial comparing the combination of apatinib (multi tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and chemotherapy (ifosfamide and etoposide) against chemotherapy alone in patients with relapsed or refractory metastatic osteosarcoma.

Limited whole genome sequencing (WGS) of Asian populations results in a lack of representative reference panels, hindering imputation of Asian ancestry-specific genetic variants. Here the authors use WGS data from 11,067 individuals across 17 Asian countries to create a new reference panel which shows improved imputation accuracy for South Asian populations.

Conventional doped spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer often leads to poor device operational stability. Here, the authors employ light to generate protons from bistriflimide dopants in the precursor solution to increase conductivity, achieving efficiency of 20.95% in perovskite solar modules.

To experimentally confirm the predicted type-II Weyl fermions in transition metal dichalcogenide, the evidence of inversion symmetry breaking is required. Here, Zhanget al. report Raman spectroscopic evidence for the inversion symmetry breaking in MoTe₂.

Axially chiral compounds play an important role in areas such as asymmetric catalysis. Here, the authors report an organocatalytic asymmetric tyrosine click-like reaction, giving access to enantio enriched urazoles with restricted rotation around an N-C bond.

Here, the authors demonstrate increased global lactylation levels and in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients. NFATc2 is identified as a key target gene regulated by histone H3 lysine 9 lactylation that exacerbates disease progression by enhancing the cartilage invasive function of fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

Linkers are traditionally seen as important for PROTAC activity. Here, the authors demonstrate that linker-free PROTACs can outperform traditional designs, marking a paradigm shift in PROTAC development for targeted protein degradation.

Retinal prostheses aim to restore sight by stimulating residual retinal cells. Here, the authors develop a photoacoustic stimulation technology using a PDMS and carbon-based flexible film that activates retinal cells with near-infrared laser pulses, ex vivo and in vivo.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

Complex networks can be a useful tool to investigate problems in social science. Here the authors use game theory to establish a network model and then use a machine learning approach to characterize the role of nodes within a social network.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Using extended-gate capacitive coupling and diode connection, stretchable biosensors with a built-in differential circuit design can be created that can offer low signal distortion under bias stress instability, uniaxial strain, compression and temperature variations.

The increasing accessibility of single cell omics technologies beyond transcriptomics demands parallel advances in analysis. Here, the authors introduce STREAM, a pipeline for reconstruction and visualization of differentiation trajectories from both single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data.

In vitro transcribed circular RNAs (ivcRNAs) offer a stable and efficient platform for protein replacement therapy. Here, the authors show that localized ivcRNA delivery restores MSI2 and SOX5 expression in chondrocytes, mitigating osteoarthritis progression in mice.

Extreme myopia (EM) is a leading cause of sight impairment caused by progressive retinal degeneration. Here, the authors perform whole-exome sequencing to investigate rare protein-truncating variants among EM cases and identify KDELR3 which contributes to the pathogenesis of EM.

E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1, a core component of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, is essential for the TLR3-mediated innate immune response. HRD1 catalyzes polyubiquitination of TLR3 at lysine 813, which promotes its trafficking to endolysosomes and enables its proteolytic cleavage and functional activation.

The interfaces between ferromagnets and superconductors receive many attentions due to emergent relativistic spin-orbit coupling. Here, the authors provide possible evidence for spin triplet Andreev reflection at the interface between a van der Waals ferromagnet Fe_0.29TaS₂ and a s-wave superconductor NbN.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

B cell subsets expanding during tumor progression have been associated with impaired anti-tumor responses and resistance to immunotherapy. Here the authors report that STING agonism or anti-PD-1 induce intratumoral B cell infiltration, and that depleting B-cells improves response to immunotherapies in preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Analysis of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) by using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancer samples across 38 cancer types identifies hypermutated mtDNA cases, frequent somatic nuclear transfer of mtDNA and high variability of mtDNA copy number in many cancers.

In the phase 2 trial NEOSUMMIT-01, perioperative treatment of patients with locally advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma with anti-PD-1 and SOX/XELOX versus SOX/XELOX alone improved pathological complete response or near-complete response rate.

Proper design of the gratings can enhance the efficiency of distributed-feedback and quantum cascade lasers. Here, Jin et al. use a hybrid grating system that superposes second- and fourth-order Bragg gratings and achieve high radiative efficiency and a single-lobe radiation pattern.

This work uncovers why traditional methods underestimate active site density in fuel cell catalysts. The researchers developed a novel in-situ acid-assisted method coupled with infrared spectroscopy to accurately quantify sites and elucidate their structure, validated across multiple catalysts.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

Based on the ethylene climacteric at the onset of ripening, fleshy fruits can be classified as ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent. Here, the authors assemble the genomes of both types of pears and reveal genetic basis for their formation.

Diatomic catalysts show promise for the oxygen reduction reaction, but their complex kinetics hinder rational design. Here, the authors synthesize strongly bonded Fe-Co diatomic catalysts where Co acts as the main active site and Fe aids *OH adsorption, revealing a synergistic effect.

Understanding ice crystallization at the molecular level remains a challenge. Here, the authors use graphene-based in-situ cryo-TEM to show how vapor deposition leads to polymorphic ice formation controlled by surface energy.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.