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All-inorganic perovskite solar cells promise strong stability but still suffer from moisture-driven surface damage and limited efficiency. Zhang et al. form a one-dimensional/three-dimensional interface using a tailored salt to stabilize the material and boost performance.

Current thermal wax refining methods are energy intensive. Here, the authors report a photothermal process using a nanoscale zero-valent iron catalyst and sunlight to refine low-grade waxes into high-grade waxes with narrow distributions.

Telomere length varies across chromosome arms, but most studies measure only averages. Here, the authors use long‑read sequencing in >2,500 participants to map chromosome‑specific lengths, showing arm‑level variation, strong individual differences, and associations with aging and disease.

The fluorescence-based protein assembly platform GEMINI is able to record the history of individual cells by leveraging a computationally designed protein assembly as an intracellular memory device.

Using data from six population-scale cohorts involving more than 10 million individuals, a large language model-based aging signature is shown to outperform traditional aging biomarker indices and signatures in predicting multiple health outcomes, at general and organ-specific levels.

In this Review, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the gut–joint axis in osteoarthritis. They examine the biological mechanisms that link gut dysbiosis to joint degeneration, explore therapeutic strategies targeting this axis and highlight remaining challenges and considerations for future research.

Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) neuroendocrine (NE) subtypes often transdifferentiate to the more aggressive non-NE cell state during disease progression. Here, the authors discover that eIF6 is a regulator of SCLC plasticity, driving non-NE transdifferentiation via regulation of the CD104/FAK complex.

A protocol to isolate small intracellular vesicles from human cells is reported; these are molecularly distinct from small extracellular vesicles and show superior therapeutic potential in retinal degeneration and drug delivery.

Sealing of puncture points after interventional surgeries is a vital requirement, but large diameter sheaths and transapical punctures present a significant challenge for wound closure. Here, the authors present a water-activated tissue adhesive patch designed for quick and strong adhesion to blood vessel and heart tissue surfaces after surgery.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

The mechanism by which insects sense the presence of the phloem-limited, unculturable bacteria Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is poorly understood. Here, the authors identify psyllid Toll8 as the primary pattern recognition receptor of the CLas outer membrane protein Barrel. They describe an immune Toll8-MyD88-IKKE-NFAT axis that regulates the expression of antimicrobial effectors, as well as an SDE3230-dependent mechanism through which CLas suppresses Toll signaling.

This work creates a magnon-photon interface from a 2D magnetic semiconductor metasurface. It demonstrates both the static and ultrafast control of exciton polaritons with spins and coherent magnons, paving the way for spin-based photonic devices.

Metastasis is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Here, the authors report a pro-metastatic role of PRAK in breast cancer lung metastasis via a mechanism involving enhanced HIF-1α translation, and propose PRAK targeting as a strategy to treat metastasis.

The study assembled a chromosome-level genome of Cycas panzhihuaensis, the last major lineage of seed plants for which a high-quality genome assembly was lacking. The study closes an important gap in our understanding of genome structure and evolution in seed plants.

This work investigates crystallinity-dependent structural evolution mechanisms of CoS2 during the oxygen evolution reaction, showing that CoS2 with lower crystallinity enhances the transformation of the bulk phase into sulfur-stabilized oxyhydroxide, improving performance.

The authors identify a Cys→Ser transformation (C19S) in insulin leading to neoepitope presentation and CD4⁺ T cell autoreactivity in type 1 diabetes. Inflammation and oxidative stress enhanced C19S transformation in β cells and antigen-presenting cells, resulting in C19S-specific CD4⁺ T cells with an activated memory phenotype linked to disease progression.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by the functional loss of the tumor suppressor gene neurofibromin, that can lead to the development of benign and malignant tumors. Here the authors describe the development of an adeno-associated virus vector for NF1 gene replacement therapy of NF1 related tumors, showing tropism and anti-tumor activity in preclinical models

Unlike neonatal mammalian hearts, adult hearts have limited regenerative capacity. Here, the authors explore the use of extracellular vesicles collected from neonatal hearts flowing damage, explore the difference in protein expression and delivery potential to trigger myocardial repair.

A super-pangenome analysis incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes reveals that bryophytes exhibit a larger number of unique and lineage-specific gene families than vascular plants.

Many thrombolytic agents depend on plasminogen, leading to D-dimer accumulation. Here, Tang et al. report a plasminogen-independent thrombolytic enzyme that degrades blood clots and D-dimer without plasminogen.

Guan et al. report a strategy of moisture-triggered selective hydrolysis of Sn4+ into Sn(OH)4, eliminating Sn4 + -induced defects in tin-based perovskites and enhancing the electron injection in NIR-II LED devices with peak emission of 945 nm and external quantum efficiency of 7.6%.

Kagome materials host 2D planes which give rise to kagome physics, but these are typically embedded in the bulk. Huang et al. demonstrate a strategy for generating surface kagome electronic states by vertical p-d electronic hybridization between surface atoms and the buried Co kagome network in Co₃Sn₂S₂.

This study identifies four distinct polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subtypes using unsupervised clustering analysis on data from 11,908 women and validated across five diverse cohorts. The subtypes show unique clinical features and suggest that subtype-specific management could enhance treatment precision for PCOS.

This genome-wide association study on persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among Chinese confirms previously associated genetic loci while discovering a novel protective locus at 8p21.3. The study also demonstrates the nearby gene INST10 suppresses HBV replication in vitro.

Water adsorption is known to induce lattice expansion to perovskite. This work reveals that the elimination of lattice expansion causes formation of detrimental defects in hybrid perovskite, highlighting its critical role in lattice stability.

Drought, fires, and human activities have reversed the accumulation of live biomass carbon in the Northern Hemisphere, with total biomass shifting from a positive to a negative trend around 2016.

Although theoretical advances in the reactivity of organic compounds have progressed rapidly, a complete understanding of the causal relationships between molecular structures and reaction outcomes based solely on first principles remains elusive. Here, the authors use an in-house HTE platform to conduct over 11,000 distinct acid amine couplings, with an accompanying Bayesian neural network model that gives a prediction accuracy of 89.48% for reaction feasibility.

The gut microbiota bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus is implicated in the development of cirrhotic liver encephalopathy through the production of neurotoxins.

The independently evolved extreme holoparasites Balanophora and Sapria display convergent characteristics of genome modifications, including gene loss in particular pathways, reduction of multigene families and relaxed selection pressures.

Pseudotyping messenger RNA-packaging virus-like particles with a glycoprotein recognizing a surface protein on dendritic cells led to higher humoral and adaptive immune responses in mice.

Kagome lattice material Co₃Sn₂S₂ is identified as a magnetic Weyl semimetal and its magnetic properties are less studied. Here, the authors observe localized spin-orbit polarons nucleated around single S-vacancies carrying a large diamagnetic orbital magnetism in Co₃Sn₂S₂.

The charge-density-wave state in RbV₃Sb₅ can be optically manipulated by applying linearly polarized light along high-symmetry directions, which demonstrates the potential of light as a control knob to manipulate complex quantum phenomena in correlated materials.

Bacterial antiviral STANDs (Avs) protect against phage invasions. Here, the authors reveal that EfAvs5 forms clustered filaments for NAD⁺ hydrolysis and can be activated by phage gp1.7 protein, elucidating its antiviral mechanism.

Unilateral cross incompatibility (UCI) is a type of prezygotic reproductive isolation, which is associated with multiple loci in maize. Here, the authors use genetic analysis to separate the Ga1 locus into two functional components and identify seven linked genes encoding three types of proteins.

Defect engineering in topological materials is a frontier that promises tunable physical properties with rich applications. Here, the authors demonstrate the atomically precise engineering of vacancies in a topological semimetal, which locally tunes the magnetic properties.

We report compact spin-valley-locked perovskite emitting metasurfaces where spin-dependent geometric phases are imparted into bound states in the continuum via Brillouin zone folding, simultaneously enabling chiral purity, directionality and large emission angles.

The authors identify nanobodies from immunized alpaca with broadly neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and major sarbecoviruses. One representative nanobody binds to a highly conserved epitope on RBD and protects K18-hACE2 mice from Omicron and Delta infection.