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Direct observation of second sound in graphite at ambient conditions reveals phonon-hydrodynamic transport. By controlling isotope scattering, this work demonstrates wave-like heat propagation, exceeding conventional diffusive thermal limits.

The authors present a multi-core neuromorphic architecture that enables energy‑efficient training of deep spiking neural networks via backpropagation. The design features a multi-engine core, multi-level parallelism, sparsity optimization, and FPGA validation.

Ischemic stroke involves complex peripheral and central pathologies. Here, authors develop a spatially tiered strategy using dual stiffness nanoparticles for compartment-specific drug delivery, offering a synergistic treatment paradigm.

Nanopore peptide sensing faces throughput, library preparation and analysis challenges. Here, the authors develop a high-throughput platform that integrates library preparation with AI analysis to accurately identify peptides, enabling antibody validation and protein identification.

Lesion-targeted immune modulation is a feasible strategy to control cardiac fibrosis, and engineered dendritic cells are a promising therapeutic platform for treating cardiac remodelling and heart failure.

Global heat stress has increased, with 52% of land area showing rising mean intensity and 67% showing more extreme heat stress days. Anthropogenic climate change dominates these trends and widens inequalities across economies.

Spectroscopy often relies on bulky instrumentations implementing a single technique. Here, authors propose an on-chip, lithium niobate, multi-functional platform demonstrating photodetection and gas sensing. The latter is realised through photoacoustic or thermoelastic sensing, achieving parts-per-billion detection limits.

The observation of nanocrystal crystallisation has long been a fundamental goal in nanoscience and remains a challenge due to the lack of spatiotemporal characterisation techniques. Here authors monitor the crystallisation of perovskite nanocrystals in polymer matrix at single-particle level using super-resolution florescence microscopy.

Zhiwei Huang and colleagues report structural and biochemical data showing that the anti-CRISPR protein AcrVA5 functions as an acetyltransferase, modifying MbCas12a at Lys635, a residue required for PAM recognition. Acetylation of Lys635 creates a steric clash that prevents binding of target DNA.

Reduction of allenes poses several challenges in terms of chemo-, regio- and enantio-selectivity. Here, the authors report a rhodium-Josiphos catalytic system that reduces a variety of aryl allenes to chiral benzylic compounds with excellent selectivity and functional group tolerance.

Sodium-ion batteries face challenges due to electrode degradation and interphase instability. Here, authors develop a smart gel polymer electrolyte for hard carbon||NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ batteries via in situ polymerization of specific monomers in conventional electrolytes.

Acute stress activates autophagy in the lateral habenula, whereas chronic stress suppresses it, with this autophagy having a causal role in maintaining emotional homeostasis against stress, and its restoration through autophagy enhancers offers a novel antidepressant strategy.

Despite the global spread of the mpox virus, the long-term durability and breadth of infection-induced immunity are not fully understood. Here, the authors analyze MPXV-specific immune responses up to 18 months post-infection, revealing robust cellular immunity and cross-neutralization among orthopoxviruses, which inform reinfection risks and vaccine development strategies.

A mechano-intelligent transmission mechanism based on the slipknot delivers precise force signals for clinical practice and robotic operations such as minimally invasive surgery and tendon-driven robotics.

A unified evolution-driven deep learning framework is presented, which outperforms state-of-the-art methods across various virus mutational driver predictions, and which captures fundamental patterns of virus evolution.

Replicating the swift movement and active morphing of insects in small-scale robots is challenging. The authors developed an insect-scale robot using an arc-heating actuator and shape memory alloy wires, achieving rapid movement, shape morphing, and self-recovery.

Solid-state lithium batteries typically utilize heterogeneous composite cathodes with conductive additives, which limit energy density and cycle life. Here the authors present a cathode material that exhibits efficient mixed conduction and near-zero volume change during cycling, thereby improving battery performance.

Acylhydrazones are often found in compounds across screening databases, and numerous bioactive acylhydrazones exist. This functional group can isomerize between E and Z in response to light or upon exposure to thiols. Now, E/Z isomerization is found to impact activities of bioactive acylhydrazones and should be routinely analysed.

The methyltransferase OsPRMT6b is found to act as an ABA responsive factor to finely turn down ABA signaling via methylation of ABA receptor, thus facilitating growth recovery as high-temperature stress subsides.

O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) mediates antiviral host immune response. Here, the authors identify a catalytic activity-independent function of OGT in restraining influenza A virus replication by translocating to lipid droplets and limiting their accumulation following interaction with viral RNA.

Selectively functionalized macrocycles were synthesized with reactivities that preferentially aligned to create well-defined pores across an ultrathin nanofilm offering a strategy to create subnanometre channels in polymer membranes, and demonstrating potential for accurate molecular separations.

In this phase 3 trial, first-line treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with anti-PD-1 finotonlimab plus cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (C5F) prolonged overall survival compared with placebo plus C5F.

Ortho-C–H and meta-C–H functionalization of arenes is well developed; however, para-C–H functionalization is more challenging. Now, a method for the synthesis of para-functionalized anilides from arylhydroxylamines and O- and S-nucleophiles is reported. The process uses fluorosulfuryl imidazolium triflates at low temperature and probably comprises O-fluorosulfonation, followed by N–O bond cleavage and nucleophilic addition.

There is ongoing interest in the development of non-precious metal catalysts for hydrogen evolution. Here, the authors fabricate a cobalt catalyst in which the cobalt is dispersed as single atoms on nitrogen-doped graphene, and report its high activity and stability for water reduction in acidic media.

A zeolite-confined Cu single-atom cluster was developed for the electrochemical CO reduction application, which can achieve stable CO-to-acetate conversion at an industrial current density of 1 A cm⁻² at 2.7 V with a high acetate Faraday efficiency for over 1,000 h at atmospheric pressure.

Soluble misfolded proteins that fail to be degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) are redirected to autophagy via specific adaptors, such as p62. Here the authors show that p62 recognises N-degrons in these proteins, acting as a N-recognin from the proteolytic N-end rule pathway, and targets these cargos to autophagosomal degradation.

The Zhang-Rice singlet is known for the superconductivity of high-temperature superconductors cuprate but is rarely studied for an electrochemical catalyst. Here, the authors use operando spectroscopic tools and observe Cu active site evolves into high-valent CuO₄ geometry with Cu³⁺ active species, so-called Zhang-Rice singlet state, during oxygen evolution reaction.

Multi-resonance materials possess narrow emission spectra, desirable for high-definition organic light-emitting diodes, but most are based on a boron-nitrogen skeleton, providing limited opportunities to expand the scope of these materials. Here, the authors report carbonyl-nitrogen skeleton 5,12-dihydroquinolino[2,3-b]acridine-7,14-dione and develop three multi-resonance materials with efficient green emissions and high photoluminescence quantum yields, and further demonstrate their promise through the fabrication of efficient hyperfluorescence OLEDs.

The crystal structure of monomeric Lachnospiraceae bacterium Cpf1 protein bound to CRISPR RNA is presented, establishing a framework for engineering LbCpf1 to improve its efficiency and specificity for genome editing.

The structure of the anti-CRISPR protein AcrIIA4, in complex with a single-guide RNA and Cas9, reveals that the protein inhibits DNA binding and blocks the Cas9 endonuclease active site.

This study provides a crystal structure of the Vif–CBF-β–CUL5–ELOB–ELOC complex, which shows that Vif mimics the action of SOCS2 to interact with CUL5 and ELOC.

In a large prospective cohort of 1,090 pregnant women with a high risk of fetal genetic diseases, a cell-free DNA screening identified cases of aneuploidies, microdeletions and monogenic variants with high accuracy in concordance to standard diagnostic tests

A high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human octameric T cell receptor–CD3 complex, including the complete extracellular and transmembrane domains, reveals the structural basis for TCR–CD3 assembly and provides insights into T cell receptor activation.

Methane (CH4) photocatalytic upgrading to value-added chemicals, especially C2 products, is significant yet challenging. Here the authors realize solar-driven CH4 oxidation to ethanol on carbon nitride modified with Cu9S5 and Cu single atoms with a record-high selectivity of ~95%.

Determining catalyst electronic structures during electrochemical reactions is crucial to understand mechanisms. Here authors perform in operando soft X-ray spectroscopy on a cobalt oxide catalyst during O₂ evolution and observe voltage and time-dependent valence state transitions.

Understanding the genetic basis of rubber tree domestication is critical for improving natural rubber production. Here, the authors assemble the genome of the rubber tree clone CATAS8-79 and conduct population and genetic association analyses to reveal the function of phytosulfokine in regulating number of laticifer rings.

There are extensive genome rearrangements among butterflies which may distort 3D chromatin structures. Here, the authors use multi-omics techniques in Graphium butterflies to reveal evolutionary patterns of insect 3D chromatin structures and its significant role in trait evolution.

A one-pot kinetically controlled synthetic framework for constructing regioselective architectures in a series of well-defined metallic heterostructures is demonstrated, in which phase and morphology regulation of Pd–Sb substrate are implemented to validate the kinetically controlled synthesis.

Sonication of layered metallacycle crystals gives free-standing nanosheets held together by weak non-covalent interactions, with chiral surfaces that show improved binding and enantiodiscrimination compared with individual metallacycle molecules.

Thermoelectric cooling can occur inside a whole material, but this is usually insignificant compared with Peltier cooling at material interfaces. An electronic phase transition in YbInCu₄ causes substantial Thomson cooling inside the whole material with a temperature drop of 6 K at 38 K.

Model systems to study SARS-CoV-2 infection are required to better understand the immune response. Here the authors use a lung and macrophage co-culture system by differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to better understand the phenotype and gene expression changes in host lung cells and macrophages after SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.

Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and transport contribute to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here the authors identify GP73 as a TBC-domain Rab GTPase-activating protein that regulates very low-density lipoprotein export and promotes NAFLD development in mice.

Here, using lung epithelial cells and ex vivo tissue explants, the authors show that, in addition to ACE2, host heparan sulfate is directly involved in SARS-CoV-2 attachment and entry and provide data suggesting that host sialic acids may act as viral restriction factor in lung tissues.

By combining O₂/H₂O redox electrolysis with a modular solid-electrolyte reactor, a design for continuous electrochemical carbon capture showing high capture rates, high Faradaic efficiencies and low energy consumption is demonstrated.