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The ocean carbon sink strengthened in previous warm El Niño years due to reduced CO₂ outgassing in the tropics. Here the authors show that the ocean carbon sink declined in 2023 despite record-high sea surface temperatures (SSTs), primarily due to SST-driven outgassing of CO₂ in the subtropics.

Complex neuropathologies, like macular degeneration, are common but incompletely understood. Here the authors report a complex human retina pathology organoid model induced by HBEGF-TNF, causing PIEZO1-mediated photoreceptor degeneration by cell extrusion.

Seismic imaging of subducted plates offers a way to improve plate tectonic reconstructions. Here, Braszus et al. use new ocean-bottom seismometer data from the Lesser Antilles to locate subducted spreading centres and faults thus providing a new understanding of the evolution of the Caribbean plate.

Analyses of ancient human DNA show that cultural and political transformations in Central Europe during the second half of the first millennium ce were associated with movements of Slavic populations into Germany, Poland and Croatia.

R-loops formed by RNA hybridization to DNA template strand during transcription influence HIV-1 integration into the CD4⁺ T cell genome. The unwinding of R-loops by splicing helicase Aquarius facilitates integration into speckle-associated domains.

Accurate segmentation of ischemic stroke lesions from brain MRI is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment planning. Here, the authors present DeepISLES, an AI ensemble for stroke MRI analysis that outperforms previous methods and matches expert radiologist performance in identifying stroke lesions.

Understanding the mechanism of ferromagnetism in strongly correlated systems is an ongoing theoretical challenge and the Hubbard model is typically adopted to investigate such systems. Here, the authors numerically investigate the doped triangular Fermi-Hubbard model and show ferromagnetism at intermediate coupling and finite doping, which results from the interplay of kinetic doublon-singlon exchange and lattice geometry.

A neural network approach grounded in transition-path theory is shown to uncover committor-consistent transition pathways, resolving competing mechanisms across dynamical regimes and advancing the modeling of rare events in biomolecular systems.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) features visual dysfunction. Here the authors show mice lacking VPS35, a retromer component genetically linked to PD, in rods have impaired vision, retinal degradation and a-synuclein inclusions.

Despite their differences, the rarer sarcoma CIC::DUX4 sarcoma (CDS) is typically treated with therapies developed for Ewing Sarcoma (EwS) with limited success. Here, the authors develop a co-clinical drug response profiling platform to establish patient-derived CDS and EwS tumoroids, identifying MCL1 inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach in CDS.

Although Hippo signaling restricts regeneration in many mammalian organs, the pharmaceutical tools available to modulate the pathway have been limited. Here, the authors report a small molecule that may inhibit a key element in the Hippo cascade and may activate regenerative responses in several mammalian tissues.

It has recently been shown that synaptic transmission delays enhance the computational capabilities of spiking neural networks. In this manuscript, the authors introduce an exact, event-based training method for various types of delays and benchmark it on mixed-signal neuromorphic hardware.

Historic documents indicate that fish were introduced to Pyrenean lakes in the 14–15th centuries. Here, the authors examine sedimentary DNA from fish parasites in Lake Redon, suggesting fish were introduced by Late-Roman or Visigoths in the 7th century.

Analysis of the 2021 Meuse River flood reveals potential erosion risks due to uneven river widening and subsoil variability, highlighting challenges for river engineering and flood mitigation in a changing climate.

Prions are infectious agents that initiate transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The study demonstrates that Prion proteins lower cellular oxidative stress via GPX8, remodel membrane lipids, and together with RAC3, sensitize cells to ferroptotic death, highlighting new therapeutic targets in prion diseases.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a powerful technique that can identify the presence of certain atoms in a sample by their magnetic properties. Müller et al.now take this concept to its ultimate limit by measuring individual nuclear spins near the surface of diamond.

Cellular phenotypic heterogeneity is a key determinant of biological functions and is challenging to identify. A deep learning method that recognizes specific nuclear signatures is discussed, which can identify cellular heterogeneity and differentiate between various cell states using a small amount of super-resolution microscopy data.

Significant process has been made in using one carbon sources toward biomanufacturing. Here, the authors explore how to strength its competitiveness, and highlight latest technologies and the released patents.

Methods for generating macroscopic chiral matter struggle with limited scalability. Here, the authors show two vacuum filtration methods - twist stacking and mechanical rotation - to align carbon nanotubes into chiral structures at wafer scale with tunable circular dichroism.

Epstein–Barr virus infection generates a neuroinvasive B cell subset, which recruits activated T cells to the central nervous system, promoting multiple sclerosis.

Diamond colour centres are of interest for solid-state quantum technologies but obtaining an efficient spin-photon interface remains challenging. Here, the authors use resonant excitation under magnetic fields to optically access the electronic spin sublevels of silicon-vacancy centres in diamond.

Stojanov et al. updated and internally validated a prediction model for the occurrence of post-operative shoulder stiffness following primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in Switzerland. Their findings support the development of further prediction models for an evidence-based and individualized decision-making in orthopedics.

Neovascular eye diseases cause blindness, but underlying drivers are unclear. Here, the authors show that PRL3 promotes pathological angiogenesis, and that targeting PRL3 with an antibody therapy could offer a new treatment for ocular neovascularization.

Sydnor et al. developed a new tractography atlas of thalamocortical structural connections and applied it to three youth samples. They uncovered coordinated development between thalamic connectivity and hierarchical cortical plasticity in humans.

The Li lab mapped molecularly distinct Purkinje cell (PC) subtypes in 3D and linked them to adult cerebellar architecture. They found that Foxp1/Foxp2 are essential for PC diversity and that Foxp1⁺ PCs are required for the formation of the cerebellar hemisphere.

The authors highlight inconsistencies and divergencies in the literature reporting data on indirect calorimetry for studies on whole-body energy homeostasis, and propose harmonization of standards to facilitate data comparison and interpretation across different datasets.

An analysis of single-cell transcriptomes from the retina and optic lobe of the bobtail squid characterizes the cellular basis of the complex visual system of this cephalopod and provides insights into the convergent evolution of the neurons in the vertebrate neuroretina and cephalopod optic lobe.

Analysis of soundscape data from 139 globally distributed sites reveals that sounds of biological origin exhibit predictable rhythms depending on location and season, whereas sounds of anthropogenic origin are less predictable. Comparisons between paired urban–rural sites show that urban green spaces are noisier and dominated by sounds of technological origin.

Throughout the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, the choice of plate reference frame impacts the reconstruction of regional surface temperature, causing differences of over 20 °C and 15 °C respectively, according to a sensitivity experiment involving 52 climate simulations, which examined how the use of different reference frames in paleogeographic reconstructions affects global climate reconstructions.

Centromere fragility can drive tumourigenesis, so protective mechanisms are important. Here, the authors suggest that the PBAF chromatin remodelling complex, which is frequently misregulated in cancer, helps to maintain the integrity of centromeres.

Measuring nuclear radii with different methods (e.g. electron scattering, laser spectroscopy) often leads to inconsistencies. Carbon isotopes provide exceptional accuracies among elements in the second row, facilitating nuclear structure theory benchmarks. Here, the authors provide laser spectroscopic measurements of the nuclear charge radius of ¹³C, improving previous uncertainties.

Melanie Bahlo and colleagues perform the first genome-wide association analysis for macular telangiectasia type 2. They identify three significant loci and report on a potential connection to the glycine/serine metabolism pathway.

Non-antibiotic drugs from a wide range of therapeutic classes can alter the ability of gut commensals to resist invasion by enteropathogens, a previously underappreciated side effect of such drugs.

Natural products have historically made a major contribution to pharmacotherapy, but also present challenges for drug discovery, such as technical barriers to screening, isolation, characterization and optimization. This Review discusses recent technological developments — including improved analytical tools, genome mining and engineering strategies, and microbial culturing advances — that are enabling a revitalization of natural product-based drug discovery.

Achieving phosphorus circularity is a key challenge to realizing sustainable phosphorus use, and recycling is a major route to accomplish this goal. This Review explores global barriers to phosphorus recycling and discusses approaches to overcome the technical, economic and societal challenges in attaining sustainable phosphorus management.

Segmentation and classification of microstructures are required by quality control and materials development. The authors apply deep learning for the segmentation of complex phase steel microstructures, providing a bridge between experimental and computational methods for materials analysis.

Components of the complement system have been shown to promote liver regeneration. Haynes et al. demonstrate that the complement fragment C3a can induce regeneration of the embryonic chick retina from stem and progenitor cells of the ciliary margin via activation of STAT3 and other downstream signalling pathways.

Aberrant redox homeostasis links lipid metabolism and cell death programs. Here, authors reveal how cell stress reduces growth factor signaling, enriching polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids and sensitizing membranes to oxidative damage.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by progressive cyst formation and loss of kidney function, yet prognostic biomarkers remain limited. Here, the authors show that serum proteomics identifies protein signatures associated with disease severity, enabling improved risk prediction and stratified management.

A new asymmetric non-fullerene acceptor, P2EH-1V, is designed and synthesized for constructing devices demonstrating record-high efficiencies of 26.7% (certified at 26.4%) over an aperture area greater than 1 cm² in perovskite–organic tandem solar cells.

A study presents a biocatalytic method for the formation of sterically hindered biaryl bonds, providing a tunable approach for assembling molecules with catalyst-controlled reactivity, site selectivity and atroposelectivity.

Comparative Physicochemical Profiling (CPP), an interpretable machine learning algorithm, identifies physicochemical signatures of γ-secretase substrates, capturing features hidden in sequences and enabling proteome-wide prediction of substrate recognition.