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Given rising diabetes prevalence globally, access to diabetes treatments is gaining urgency. Here, the authors show patterns of glucose-lowering medication use for diabetes across 62 low- and middle-income countries.

Across species, how aging leads to progressive spatial memory decline is not fully understood. This study reports dysfunctional spatial coding by aged entorhinal grid cells and networks related to impaired spatial memory and identifies implicated neuronal gene expression changes.

Model thiophene-decorated nickel porphyrins are synthesized to examine how sulfur promotes CO₂-to-CO conversion and tandem CO₂-to-C₂ product conversion in electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Combined theoretical and experimental analyses show that thiophene substituents generate a ligand hole character that modulates the nickel-centred electronic structure, enhancing overall catalytic performance.

Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ in acidic conditions offers high utilization but is hindered by competing hydrogen evolution. Here, the authors demonstrate a nickel-based catalyst that regulates interfacial water, enabling efficient and durable CO₂ conversion to CO.

A 165 Myr record of N and Corg isotopes show that the N-cycle responds to feedbacks associated with productivity and the location of upwelling centers changing due to continental meander.

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have limited therapeutic options. Here the authors show that functionally impaired NK cells contribute to immune escape of pre-malignant clones in early stage MDS and that NK adoptive cell therapy can be considered to prevent or delay the development of MDS.

Natural disasters induce power outages with unequal impacts on poverty and non-poverty counties in China. Climate change will further exacerbate this disparity.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

The authors develop a low carbon cement-based material which exhibits hierarchical structure with low density (0.75 g cm⁻³), high specific compressive strength (344 (kN m⁻²)/(kg m⁻³)) and fracture toughness (4865 kJ m⁻³).

Mitochondrial DNA from horses at the Middle Pleistocene archaeological site of Schöningen reveals insight into the evolutionary history of horses and advances techniques for the analysis of ancient DNA retrieved from highly degraded samples.

An approach that integrates electrochemical CO₂ reduction and biological denitrification provides a new solution for nitrogen removal, where the formate obtained from CO₂ is used directly as the carbon source in the denitrification process in wastewater treatment.

Temporal interference stimulation is thought to act via low-frequency envelope demodulation. Here, the authors demonstrate that stimulation thresholds in TIS follow the same carrier frequency dependence as direct kHz stimulation, indicating a shared biophysical mechanism.

Weyl semimetals with low crystal symmetry, such as TaIrTe4, are known to host large unconventional spin-orbit torques. Here, Pandey et al combine TaIrTe4 with the van der Waals ferromagnet, Fe3GaTe2, and achieve room temperature field-free magnetization switching with an extremely low critical current density.

In this study, the authors present optimization and efficacy testing of apolipoprotein-based lipid nanoparticles for delivering various nucleic acid therapeutics in vivo to immune cells and their progenitors in the bone marrow.

Powdery mildew is a devasting disease for both common wheat and durum wheat. Here, the authors report a pair of genetically linked nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-encoding genes confer powdery mildew resistance and show its potential in wheat disease-resistant breeding.

Neuroinflammation following intracortical microelectrode implantation impairs long-term brain-machine interface performance. Here, the authors developed a nanoparticle-based therapy that improves local hemostasis and delivers dexamethasone, reducing inflammation.

Stabilization of continental crust requires temperatures of over 900 °C, establishing a link between ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism and craton formation, according to a study of U and Th concentrations in metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks.

The efficiency of perovskite/organic tandem devices is impeded by recombination losses that occur within the organic subcells. Here, the authors monitor film growth and crystallization dynamics in real-time and mitigate exciton recombination losses, achieving maximum device efficiency of 26.42%.

Breugnathair elgolensis gen. et sp. nov., an early squamate identified from a newly discovered Middle Jurassic skeleton on the Isle of Skye, provides new evidence on the origins of snakes.

Infant KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with poor overall survival rates. Here, the authors use WGS and WES of 36 relapsed KMT2A-rearranged ALL and AML patients and find alterations in drug response genes in ALL, which may correspond with relapse time. Longitudinal analyses of >250 samples could track residual leukemia cells, clonal drug responses, and the upcoming relapse.

The authors quantify terrestrial temperature evolution over the past 2 million years by fossil lipids preserved in an ancient lake in East Asia. They showed a long-term warming trend that diverges from the contemporaneous global sea surface cooling.

The experimental demonstration of many-body signal amplification in a solid-state, room-temperature quantum sensor is reported.

Native crystallographic defects are often introduced during synthesis of battery materials, but has been overlooked. Here, using in situ synchrotron X-ray probes and electron microscopy, the authors have revealed their adverse effect during battery operation.

Klein and colleagues characterize 04_A06, a new V_H1-2-encoded broadly neutralizing antibody that has marked breadth and potency against extended multiclade HIV-1 pseudovirus panels and can maintain full viral suppression in HIV-1-infected humanized mice.

Cannulae are heat-resistant protein nanotubes found on the surface of thermophilic archaea. Here, the authors report the structures of cannulae at the atomic level with insight into their high stability and mechanism of assembly, which has potential impact for biomaterials design.

Here authors used patient-derived forebrain organoids to reveal how LIS1 mutations cause varying severity in a neurodevelopmental disorder, uncovering links between cytoskeletal defects, protein stress, and potential therapeutic strategies.

Authors present a method for providing fast and robust drift correction in single molecule localization microscopy, by pairing the nearest molecules in data segments and calculating their displacements within a small search radius.

Particles produced by intense biomass burning can be transported, potentially by deep convection, in large numbers to the lower stratosphere, changing the stratospheric aerosol layer’s chemical and radiative properties, according to in situ measurements during an active fire season.

Monolayer amorphous carbon (a-C) has attracted attention due to its structural and electronic properties, but its synthesis has so far required the use of metal substrates. Here, the authors report the Te-assisted growth of large-scale 2D a-C patterns on various insulating substrates, confirming their insulating properties in quantum tunnelling devices.

Alcohol use disorder drives transcriptional and regulatory changes in the caudate nucleus. Here, authors show, using a single-cell multiomic analysis, cell type-specific disruptions of gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and cell communication.

TFE3-fusions are known to drive both epithelial and mesenchymal renal tumors. Here, the authors generate a transgenic mouse model of renal tumorigenesis expressing the human SFPQ-TFE3 fusion, showing that the fusion regulates mTORC1 activity and induces lineage plasticity.

The underlying physics of the strange metal phase observed in many strongly correlated materials is not well understood. Now, evidence emerges that antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations play an important role.

Control of liquid-based materials is important for developing materials based on these, but topological flexibility is limited. Here, the authors report a method for digital fabrication of slippery objects with solid-liquid composite interfaces and geometric design freedom.

The authors show that ~100-kyr climate cycles over the past ~800 ka, and even since ~34 Ma, likely arose from a ~2.4-Myr eccentricity-modulated competition between low- and high-latitude continental carbon reservoirs for dominance in carbon cycles.

Type 2 diabetes predisposes individuals to multiple comorbidities, but causal mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors use Mendelian randomisation to show that distinct genetic pathways underlie diabetes-related risks, with ancestry-specific differences.

Here the authors perform a trans expression quantitative trait locus meta-analysis study of over 3,700 people and link a USP18 variant to expression of 50 inflammation genes and lupus risk, highlighting how genetic regulation of immune responses drives autoimmune disease and informs new therapies.

Issa et al. show that the ciliary small guanosine triphosphatase Arl3 displaces the inhibitory regulator Shulin/DNAAF9 from the outer dynein arm, leading to motor activation.

Planning for the Colorado River is critical to secure water and hydropower for the western US under climate change. This study highlights how different policies may reduce but not eliminate the risk of losing water and energy supply altogether.

Recently, anti-resonant hollow-core fibers have emerged as an important medium for high-power laser delivery. Here, authors demonstrate a highly efficient, all-fiber delivery of 2 kW laser over 2.45 km, using a self-fabricated AR-HCF with a record low transmission loss of 0.168 dB/km at 1080 nm.

Singla et al. report the secondary analysis of the Scaling Up Maternal Mental healthcare by Increasing access to Treatment (SUMMIT) trial.

Exercise promotes recovery after stroke, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that regulatory T cells enable exercise-induced repair by reducing neuronal hyperexcitability via interleukin-10, linking immunity to functional regeneration.

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, stepwise dose-escalation phase 1 trial evaluating a conjugate vaccine against both typhoid and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections, the vaccine was found to be safe and immunogenic in healthy adults.

The authors develop a molecular dopant to avoid the dimerization of the electron-selective material phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester, resulting in enhanced stability and efficiency in inverted perovskite solar cells.

Scoliosis is a common yet poorly understood pediatric disorder. Using zebrafish disease models, Pumputis et al. identify pervasive cell stress responses as causing spine deformity and present possibilities for new therapies and diagnostic tools.

A modeling approach to assess the global risk of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 gene deletions identifies ten priority African countries for surveillance and could inform malaria control policies.

Near-infrared mechanoluminescence can be used in biostress imaging, but is subject to limitations in terms of the pre-irradiation process and low intensity. Here, the authors have circumvented these limitations by constructing an MgO/MgF₂:Cr³⁺ heterojunction piezo-photonics system.