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Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

The synthesis of heavily substituted chiral cyclopropanes presents a significant challenge in organic chemistry due to the inherent strain and steric congestion of these three-membered rings. Here, the authors report a highly enantioselective intramolecular cyclopropanation of trisubstituted alkenes via a sulfoxonium-Rh-carbene intermediate, resulting in the formation of highly congested penta-substituted chiral cyclopropanes.

Immunotherapy has improved patient outcomes in those with metastatic or recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) but less so in the neoadjuvant setting. Here, the authors report the efficacy, safety and exploratory biomarker analysis of a phase II clinical trial investigating neoadjuvant tislelizumab (anti-PD-1) and afatinib (EGFR TKI) in patients with locally advanced HNSCC.

Crosstalk between the brain and CLNs is critical in brain pathologies. Here, the authors show in a mouse model that extravasated erythrocytes following SAH are degraded by cathepsin S of medullary LECs in CLNs, which plays an important role in SAH pathology.

High-resolution ALMA observations reveal a gravitationally bound septuple protostar system in NGC 6334IN, formed through disk fragmentation. This discovery sheds light on the formation of extreme high-order multiplicity in massive stellar clusters.

RNA velocity offers insight into cell dynamics but faces key limitations across modalities. Here, authors present GraphVelo, a machine learning framework that refines and extends RNA velocity to multimodal data, enabling quantitative, interpretable cell state transitions.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney failure. This study shows that prolonged glucagon exacerbates lipid accumulation, promoting renal injury in early DKD, rather than lipid oxidation. Targeting glucagon signaling significantly inhibits DKD progression.

Telomere shortening marks cellular aging and links to heart disease. Here, the authors show shared genetic loci between leukocyte telomere length and coronary artery disease, highlighting genes such as SH2B3 and pathways involved in DNA biosynthesis and telomere maintenance.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

Basalt clasts returned by Chang’e-6 suggest a lunar farside mantle potential temperature that is approximately 100 °C cooler than the nearside mantle, according to a petrologic study combined with thermobarometric modelling and remote sensing data.

In this attempt at xenotransplantation of a lung from a genetically modified pig into a brain-dead recipient, although the grafted lung initially maintained viability and functionality, antibody-mediated rejection rapidly occurred, contributing to xenograft damage.

The authors introduce a structural design with a well-ordered local structure for barium titanate-based ceramics, which decreases Curie temperature while preserves a sharp phase transition, enabling tunable polarization, large dielectric constant and intrinsic electrocaloric effect near room temperature.

This study reports age-dependent negative correlations between temporal changes in maximal leaf area index and growing season length, indicating contrasting leaf acclimation strategies driving vegetation greening in young versus old deciduous broadleaf forests.

Controlling oxidation pathways is crucial for efficient water purification. Here, authors develop Fe/Mn single-atom catalysts that tune radical and non-radical processes, enabling rapid, robust degradation of pollutants and offering broad potential for wastewater treatment.

The genetic distance between parents influences hybrid performance in plants. Here Miller et al. show that Arabidopsishybrids produced from diverse parental ecotypes have reduced expression of stress responsive genes at certain times of the day and this correlates with greater biomass production.

Photothermal therapy using photo agents developed with high photothermal conversion efficiency under long-wavelength laser irradiation has been investigated in preclinical cancer treatment. Here this group reports coating mesoporous carbon nanomaterials with a lanthanide oxysulfide up-conversion material (Y₂O₂S:Yb³⁺, Er³⁺) with tumor targeting capability for in situ ocular melanoma tumor treatment.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are potent tools for Fenton catalysis. However, current SACs face limitations due to the specificity of their supports. Here, the authors synthesised CoSAs-ZnO, that can selectively generate sulfate radicals and singlet oxygen in peroxymonosulfate and peracetic acid systems, respectively.

The spatiotemporal dynamics of neural processes revealed by human intracranial recordings sheds light on the temporal order of computations in speech production.

The function and regulatory mechanism of mRNA acetylation modification in cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here the authors identify that targeting tumor N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) RNA acetyltransferase NAT10 improves anti-tumor response via MYC/CDK2/DNMT1/dsRNA/type I IFN pathway, and show the synergic anti-tumor effect of NAT10 inhibition with aPD-1.

Quantum information cannot be copied, posing challenges for long-distance communication due to signal losses. Here the quantum relay architecture using a single-photon source enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of quantum information transmission.

La₅Ni₃O₁₁, a hybrid Ruddlesden–Popper nickelate, exhibits pressure-induced superconductivity with a high superconducting volume fraction. It offers insights into the interplay of structure and electronic order in nickelate superconductors.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Here the authors report that hepatic loss of GTPase-activating protein-binding protein1 (G3BP1) exacerbates MASLD and MASH pathogenesis in a study with male mice. Mechanistically, G3BP1 interacts with SNARE proteins and promotes autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and facilitates nuclear translocation of the transcription factor TFE3.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial, patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer were safely treated with the CLDN18.2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate SHR-A1904, leading to encouraging objective response rates.

This work introduces roll-to-roll fluidics, a method that enhances reagent efficiency and reduces turnaround time, enabling rapid and economical next-generation sequencing.

Understanding brain function requires integrating neuronal structure, activity, and genes. Here, authors developed an optogenetic tool they name Pisces, to enable complete labeling of individual neurons’ morphology with functional and molecular profiling, allowing multimodal single-cell analysis in vivo in zebrafish.

In osteoporosis, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accumulate, but their functions are not well understood. Here, Lin et al. show that BMAds promote senescence in neighbouring cells by releasing excess fatty acids, then develop a BMAd targeting nanoparticle to interfere with BMAd lipid metabolism as a strategy to treat osteoporosis.

Oral tolerance is an important feature of gut immune homeostasis but how it is maintained is not fully known. Here authors show in a mouse model that dietary nucleic acids activate the MAVS and STING pathways, which leads to an increased abundance of natural intraepithelial lymphocytes, producing soluble factors that maintain tolerance.

In this clinical trial, the authors demonstrate that recombinant gE-Fc Fusion Protein Vaccine LZ901 for herpes zoster induces superior cellular immunogenicity and exhibits a better safety profile than HZ/su in adults ≥50 years, supporting its potential as vaccine candidate.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

EviDTI introduces an evidential deep learning framework for drug-target interaction prediction, providing reliable uncertainty estimates to prioritize high-confidence predictions. It identifies potential tyrosine kinase modulators, thereby improving the efficiency of drug discovery.

Liquid crystal elastomers are used in actuators, though methods to pre-program actuation limits the geometric design. Here the authors show a method of treating the elastomers in free-radical initiator to program actuation.

The role of human glioma IDH1 mutations in regulation of antiviral response is unclear. Here, the authors show that D2HG produced by mutant IDH1 inhibits IFN antiviral responses in glioma cells, which confers sensitivity to oncolytic virotherapy.

The primary entry route of vanilloid ligands to the vanilloid-binding site in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is found to be a distinct and targetable hydrophobic pathway at the TRPV1–cell membrane interface rather than through direct membrane penetration.

Polysubstituted arenes are ubiquitous structural cores in natural products and drugs but their synthesis through programmable arene modification remains a challenge. Now, a palladium- and norbornene-catalysed Catellani-type reaction of aryl ketones, through successive acylation and deacylation, allows the synthesis of polysubstituted arenes.

The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) transports pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix. Here, authors present cryo-EM structures of human MPC1-2 in IMS-open and inhibitor-bound matrix-open states, revealing transport and inhibition mechanisms.