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Bone marrow adipose tissue accounts for almost 10% of human fat mass, but its roles remain unclear. Here, Xu et al. identify more than 45 diseases linked to marrow adiposity in over 48,000 people, including causal roles in musculoskeletal disease.

Understanding charge storage in supercapacitors remains a challenge. Here, authors use operando X-ray scattering to show that selective anion immobilization in MOF-based electrodes leads to a cation-driven charge storage mechanism.

Chapman, Klaourakis and colleagues reveal that a lymphatic vasculature with poor clearance capacity in perinatal, regeneration-competent mouse hearts is required to retain pro-reparative macrophages and allow cardiac regeneration.

To better understand the etiology of frailty, the authors perform a large genetic study. They identified 45 additional variants and implicated MET, CHST9, ILRUN, APOE, CGREF1 and PPP6C as potential causal genes, linking frailty to immune regulation, metabolism and cellular signaling.

The authors develop a computational method to design small DNA-binding proteins (DBPs) that target specific sequences. Designed DBPs show structural accuracy and function in both bacterial and mammalian cells for transcriptional regulation.

The authors report on an experimental study of attosecond time delays of photoelectrons emitted from CO₂ molecules. This clarifies the role of internal dynamics of ions and ionelectron entanglement on the photoionization dynamics.

How much methane will be emitted from the boreal-Arctic region under climate change is not well constrained. Here the authors show that accounting for distinct wetland and lake classes leads to lower estimates of current methane loss as some classes emit low amounts of methane.

Aging drives distinct molecular changes in the brain. Here, the authors use scRNAseq and MERFISH and find that in mice, aging induces subtype-specific, regionally biased changes in striatal astrocytes, marked by transcriptional repression, inflammation, and impaired neuronal interactions.

DNA hybridisation thermodynamics parameters underlie rational design of oligonucleotides for diagnostics and nanotechnology. Here, the authors present an accurate method to measure the free energy of a given DNA structure at specific temperature and buffer conditions.

Two bead-based approaches for CRISPR diagnostics increase sensitivity and deployability in resource-constrained settings.

By studying dynamic folding intermediates on the human ribosome, Pellowe et al. show that newly made domains help each other to fold but do not stably interact until synthesis is complete, avoiding interdomain misfolding.

Ecological effects, such as disturbances, have a spatial dimension, but what influences their spatial propagation is not fully understood. Here, the authors find generalist and widespread species are key to propagating effects spatially, mediated by landscape characteristics and species provenance.

Direct human actions such as hunting and bird deterrence at aquaculture sites kill up to 10% of the populations of some shorebird species migrating along China’s coast each year, suggesting that this direct mortality is an overlooked threat to migratory populations.

The underlying physics of the strange metal phase observed in many strongly correlated materials is not well understood. Now, evidence emerges that antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations play an important role.

The authors study a disordered β-Ta film, finding that quasiparticle recombination is governed by the phonon scattering time, which is faster than conventional recombination in ordered superconductors. The authors interpret the results in terms of quasiparticle localization, which helps to understand the quasiparticle relaxation in disordered superconducting circuits.

Highly protected areas help drylands stay productive under increasing aridity, delaying critical ecosystem thresholds and underscoring the need to expand protection to safeguard these vulnerable regions from climate change.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

The authors report Acheulean hominin occupation of eastern Britain during glacial marine isotope stages 17–16 and again in glacial marine isotope stage 12 via stone tools in sediments dated to 712,000 to 424,000 years ago.

Analyses of consummatory reproductive behaviours in male mice uncover a brain mechanism whereby an internal state can attribute a social quality to a generic touch to initiate purposeful reproductive actions.

Yücel et al. examine how skin and hair characteristics impact functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signal quality and provide recommendations for inclusive use of fNIRS.

A study of millions of couples shows spouses often share psychiatric disorders. This pattern is consistent across cultures (Taiwan and Nordic countries) and has persisted for generations, impacting how these disorders are inherited.

Interim trial results of MYR-101, a novel recombinant vector with selective tropism for oligodendrocytes, support its tolerability and indicate improved myelination and reduced cerebrospinal fluid N-acetyl-aspartic acid concentrations in children with Canavan disease.

Using a zebrafish-based screen, Civiletto and colleagues identify the herb-derived metabolites thymol and carvacrol as activators of autophagy and mitophagy, demonstrating their therapeutic potential in C. elegans and mouse models.

The identification of cellular targets for natural products that potently inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines implicates oxysterol-binding proteins in the growth of cancer cells. These natural products, termed ORPphilins, also affect sphingomyelin biosynthesis.

Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is the current standard treatment for advanced bladder cancer, but resistance typically develops within a year, highlighting the need for new therapies. This study demonstrates that NECTIN4-targeting CAR T cells are effective against bladder cancer, including EV-resistant cells, and their potency can be further enhanced by using rosiglitazone to boost NECTIN4 expression.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Analysis of crop yields, farmer income and bird species abundances identifies multiple positive outcomes of a large-scale Indian government-incentivized agroecology initiative.

An algorithm for proteoform identification with top-down mass spectra is proposed, and a pipeline is developed for generating simulated top-down spectra on the basis of input protein sequences with modifications.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a diverse range of membrane-delimited particles, have multiple cellular functions and, when released by cancer cells, can promote tumour growth and metastatic dissemination. The authors of this Review describe advances in the development of EVs as biomarkers and cancer therapeutics, focusing on clinical translation of EVs into diagnostic and therapeutic clinical tools.

Errors in oocyte division can cause infertility and birth defects. Here, authors combine a genetic strategy with a novel optochemical tool to show that spindle pole-localized F-actin is essential for proper meiotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation.

The authors showcase the capabilities of time-resolved momentum microscopy to image spin- and valley-resolved excitons in monolayer WS₂ with high energy resolution, revealing distinct long-lived, valley-polarized dark excitons that dominate at different timescales.

Rizzollo et al. show that BDH2 participates in iron distribution between cellular compartments, which sets the threshold for the ferroptosis vulnerability of the melanoma cell phenotypes, ultimately affecting their metastatic capacity

Transcription in trypanosomatids, such as Trypanosoma brucei, is predominantly polycistronic and involves unconventional RNA polymerase II promoters. This study uses precision gene editing, site-saturation mutagenesis, and expression assays to demonstrate how modified and promoter-associated histone tails impact these polycistronic expression controls in trypanosomes.

What we eat, as well as where and how it is grown, impacts species extinction risks through agricultural land use. Using a new global biodiversity impact data product, this study estimates how many species extinctions may potentially be caused by the production and consumption of different food types on a country-by-country basis.

The emergence of resistant subpopulations often underlies the development of resistance to cancer therapy. Here, using a DNA barcoding approach, the authors demonstrate EGFR TKI treatment in non-small cell lung cancer enriches for resistant subpopulation which can be prevented by treatment with the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib via inhibition of MKNK, STAT3 and MCL1.

A tree-like arrangement of dichroic mirrors and multiple cameras coupled with an iterative spectral unmixing algorithm enables multispectral imaging of live cells in up to eight spectral channels with diffraction-limited spatial resolution and temporal resolution of 0.3 s for imaging a full cell volume.

Natural variation in the courtship song of Drosophila is mapped to the intronic insertion of a retroelement at the slowpoke locus, which encodes an ion channel.

Scholz omitted crucial parts of the the recent history of the seismic gap forecast and test. He remarked that our test of the gap theory was 'flawed' because it used earthquakes 'smaller than system-sized'. This was also asserted in a published comment by Nishenko & Sykes¹ and answered by Jackson & Kagan². But 'system-sized' was never defined in the original seismic gap model³.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome leads to an increased predisposition to tumour development. Here, the authors develop a support vector machine model to predict early cancer risk in individuals using peripheral blood DNA methylation profiles.

The dorsal peduncular area of the mouse brain functions as a network hub that integrates diverse cortical and thalamic inputs to regulate neuroendocrine and autonomic responses.

Virus-host competition drives evolution of diverse antiviral defences in bacteria and antidefense systems in their viruses (phages). Here, Silas et al. use a functional screen of phage accessory genes to show how bacterial cell-surface sugars can be major determinants of phage host-range, and how some phage proteins injected into bacterial cells inhibit host immunity.

Gut bacteria digest dietary fiber and release molecules as energy for the host. Here, Yu et al. find that the ability of certain gut bacteria to digest different fibers influences host consumption of food containing these fibers.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

Using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics on muscle samples from non-ischemic patients and patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), Turiel et al. identify cellular and molecular changes in the muscle microenvironment during PAD, focusing on endothelial cell–macrophage interactions.