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Modelling suggests the carbon cost for nitrogen assimilation by plants will rise substantially under future climate change with further increase at higher latitudes, due partly to enhanced contributions of soil inorganic nitrogen.

Natural disasters induce power outages with unequal impacts on poverty and non-poverty counties in China. Climate change will further exacerbate this disparity.

Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

Shear stiffening gels have promise in impact protection, but can have problems with toxicity and corrosion. Here, the authors report the development of a boron-free material based on a shear-stiffening polytitanosiloxane network through a metal-ion-mediated hydrogen bond enhancement strategy.

A N-heterocyclic carbene–nickel-catalysed dynamic kinetic asymmetric aldehyde–alkyne reductive coupling reaction is reported, achieving control over chemo-, regio-, E/Z-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. This approach offers a streamlined route to construct multifunctional allylic alcohols with adjacent stereocentres from readily accessible substrates.

A comprehensive phylogeny and taxonomy for the medically and ecologically important genus Artemisia remain unavailable. Here, the authors combine genomic data with morphological analyses to reconstruct the most comprehensive phylogeny and taxonomy of global Artemisia.

Sustained epigenetic silencing in monkeys is made more efficient with optimized regulators.

An approach that integrates electrochemical CO₂ reduction and biological denitrification provides a new solution for nitrogen removal, where the formate obtained from CO₂ is used directly as the carbon source in the denitrification process in wastewater treatment.

Using data from the CoVPN 3008 study, the authors show that the neutralizing antibody correlate of risk holds in people living with HIV. However, the nAb correlate was weaker and shorter-lived in a vaccine-immunity versus hybrid-immunity population.

This study reports that the gene SMPED1, located in a previously identified dichogamy-determining region in Alpinia species, controls the timing of sex-organ synchrony, improving our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of plant sexual diversity.

Lipid nanoparticles are the gold standard for mRNA delivery but suffer from low loading capacity. Here, the authors report on the use of manganese ions to form mRNA rich cores within lipid nanoparticles which increased mRNA loading, reducing the lipid needed and increasing transfection and immune response in vivo.

Monolayer amorphous carbon (a-C) has attracted attention due to its structural and electronic properties, but its synthesis has so far required the use of metal substrates. Here, the authors report the Te-assisted growth of large-scale 2D a-C patterns on various insulating substrates, confirming their insulating properties in quantum tunnelling devices.

Hexopyranose cleavage is a crucial step in carbon metabolism. Here the authors report the discovery and characterization of metalloenzyme Art22, which is involved in the sugar moiety modification of aurantinin B, an antibacterial agent from Bacillus.

High-resolution ALMA observations reveal a gravitationally bound septuple protostar system in NGC 6334IN, formed through disk fragmentation. This discovery sheds light on the formation of extreme high-order multiplicity in massive stellar clusters.

The authors develop a molecular dopant to avoid the dimerization of the electron-selective material phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester, resulting in enhanced stability and efficiency in inverted perovskite solar cells.

Indonesian cattle are unique due to their history of admixture involving both zebu and banteng. Here, Wang et al. identify ~3.5 million novel introgressed SNP variants and provide a genomic map of banteng introgression within and across many cattle breeds, each with unique introgression histories.

A screen for protein degraders discovers hits by imaging cell survival.

Neuroinflammation following intracortical microelectrode implantation impairs long-term brain-machine interface performance. Here, the authors developed a nanoparticle-based therapy that improves local hemostasis and delivers dexamethasone, reducing inflammation.

H₂O₂ photosynthesis offers a green alternative to traditional methods, but challenges remain in charge separation and reaction selectivity. Here, the authors report Z-scheme photocatalysts where sulfur vacancy regulates O₂ adsorption configuration, enhancing H₂O₂ production with high selectivity.

Achieving room-temperature blackbody-sensitive photodetectors with an ultrabroadband response is challenging. Here, the authors report a bioinspired detector using the 2D flat-band quantum material Nb3I8 that enables sensitive detection from the shortwave to the very long-wave infrared.

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, stepwise dose-escalation phase 1 trial evaluating a conjugate vaccine against both typhoid and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections, the vaccine was found to be safe and immunogenic in healthy adults.

Radiative cooling is an emerging technology for cooling with reduced energy consumption. Here the authors present photoluminescent composites that combine subambient cooling with aesthetic colour, hydrophobicity and durability.

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) since the Last Interglacial is reconstructed, showing orbital-scale shifts in ACC position driven by eccentricity and precession, possibly counteracting the predicted southward shift due to global warming.

Single-chain polymer dots used as ultrasmall fluorescent probes enable nanometre-resolution imaging and are capable of tracking kinesin-1 stepwise motion in living cells using a standard spinning-disk confocal microscope.

PROTACs induce degradation by bridging a target protein and E3 ubiquitin ligase. Here, authors show that protein interface frustration correlates with cooperativity, offering a structural metric to prioritize PROTAC candidates prior to synthesis.

Using extended-gate capacitive coupling and diode connection, stretchable biosensors with a built-in differential circuit design can be created that can offer low signal distortion under bias stress instability, uniaxial strain, compression and temperature variations.

A scalable strategy to assemble anisotropic GO and MXene membranes with pH-tuned edge functionalization enables programmable bending via thermo-responsive water release, with applications in soft robotics and adaptive bionic architecture

The triple synergy of oxygen, proton, and electron supply is crucial for hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis. Here, the authors report a squaric-acid zwitterionic covalent organic framework that achieves this synergy, boosting hydrogen peroxide yield and enabling solar-driven continuous-flow production.

The relationship between interacting sites and catalytic mechanisms in single-atom catalysts remains unclear. Here a support engineering strategy is used to tune the binding strength between single-metal atoms and the support, optimizing active Cu sites and enhancing CH₄ formation.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

Enzyme design with non-canonical amino acids has achieved rapid progress in biocatalysis. Here, the authors present an efficient strategy for the design of artificial enzymes with unnatural catalytic center by the combination of non-canonical amino acid biosynthesis and genetic incorporation into protein of interest.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

An inherently explainable AI trained on 1,015 expert-annotated prostate tissue images achieved strong Gleason pattern segmentation while providing interpretable outputs and addressing interobserver variability in pathology.

Anti-TSLP biologics have shown promise for the clinical treatment of type 2 respiratory disease. Here the authors present a clinical trial of CM326, a monoclonal antibody against TSLP, and show the clinical effects in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP), who present with type 2-dominant inflammation.

The hydrogenation of multisubstituted allenes presents a long-standing challenge due to the difficulty in simultaneously controlling multiple selectivity parameters. Now a class of pincer cobalt catalysts featuring multiple metal–ligand cooperation functionalities has been developed that enables the regio- and stereodivergent hydrogenation of allenes to provide all possible multisubstituted alkene products.

Integrating functional materials with microfibers for optical tuning remains challenging. Here, the authors present a conformal strategy to integrate homogeneous and inhomogeneous nanomembranes—including metals, oxides, semiconductors and polymers—onto microfibers, which are further developed into on-fiber sensors, modulators, filters, and photodetectors.

The Macaque Biobank initiated by Zhang et al. provides a comprehensive genetic and phenotypic characterization of Chinese rhesus macaques (CRMs). This resource enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity of CRMs and holds potential for biomedical research.

Basalt clasts returned by Chang’e-6 suggest a lunar farside mantle potential temperature that is approximately 100 °C cooler than the nearside mantle, according to a petrologic study combined with thermobarometric modelling and remote sensing data.

Genetic code expansion (GCE) has expanded protein functionality, but the cost of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) hinder large-scale use. Here, the authors coupled amino acid biosynthesis with GCE in E. coli for the production of ncAA-containing biomolecules.

The construction of vicinal stereocentres—particularly sterically bulky quaternary motifs—from racemic alkyl halides remains a formidable challenge. Here, a cobalt-catalysed enantioconvergent reductive addition of racemic alkyl halides to imines has been developed, enabling efficient synthesis of diverse contiguous stereocentres, including tertiary–tertiary, tertiary–quaternary and quaternary–quaternary stereocentres, with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities.

Simultaneous profiling of spatial transcriptomics (ST) and metabolomics (SM) offers a novel way to decode tissue microenvironment heterogeneity. Here, the authors present SpatialMETA, a conditional variational autoencoder-based framework designed for the integration of ST and SM data.

Genomic deletions in poxviruses are not well understood, the authors found large deletions in >2% of Mpox virus genomes during routine surveillance, highlighting their role in poxvirus evolution and potential impact on diagnostics and therapeutics.

A proteotoxic stress response specific to exhausted T cells, governed by AKT signaling and accompanied by increased protein translation, represents a mechanistic vulnerability and a new therapeutic target to improve cancer immunotherapies.

Klein and colleagues characterize 04_A06, a new V_H1-2-encoded broadly neutralizing antibody that has marked breadth and potency against extended multiclade HIV-1 pseudovirus panels and can maintain full viral suppression in HIV-1-infected humanized mice.

In this study, authors show that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives 63% of dengue case variation via rising local temperatures. They estimate future cases may increase by 39–82% due to increasing ENSO events under human-induced warming.

AI models for drug discovery often struggle with real-world, incomplete data. Here, the authors present OmniMol, a framework using hypergraphs to improve predictions of molecular properties, addressing challenges of imperfect data annotation and enhancing model explainability.

In the CheckMate 142 study, nivolumab (anti-PD-1) alone and in combination with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) was shown to induce durable clinical benefit in patients with previously treated microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer. Here, the authors perform exploratory biomarker analysis of the CheckMate 142 study.

This study shows that p300/CBP-dependent H2B acetylation is crucial for maintaining transcription of oncogenic gene programs in androgen receptor-driven prostate cancer.

This study introduces single-cell transcription factor (TF) sequencing, a single-cell barcoded and doxycycline-inducible TF overexpression approach that reveals dose-sensitive functional classes of TFs and cellular heterogeneity by mapping TF dose-dependent transcriptomic changes during the reprogramming of mouse embryonic multipotent stromal cells.