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N-terminal acetylation shapes protein fate during protein biosynthesis at the ribosome. Here the authors show that the NatA enzyme forms dynamic multi-factor complexes at the ribosome, acting as an interaction hub that coordinates cotranslational protein maturation.

NiPS₃ is a van der Waals material, which in the bulk is antiferromagnetic. Whether the antiferromagnetism persists down to the monolayer remains a topic of debate. Here, through magnetotransport measurements Cheon et al find that monolayer NiPS₃ exhibits two magnetic transitions, with a low temperature long-range ordered state.

This Commission aims to resolve the current dialysis policy challenges in Thailand and generate lessons for the global kidney community by drawing on empirical evidence, systems thinking and multidisciplinary expertise to generate policy goals and recommendations.

Using pear as a study system, the biosynthetic pathway of acetophenones has been elucidated: naturally impaired side-chain shortening of aromatic 3-ketoacyl-CoAs leads them to undergo hydrolysis, followed by decarboxylation, to yield acetophenones.

High kinetic inductance materials are widely used in superconducting circuits, yet their loss mechanisms are not fully understood. Here the authors study quantum circuits incorporating nanowires made of quasi-2D disordered superconductor WSi and identify localized quasiparticles as the dominant source of loss.

RORγt⁺ antigen-presenting cells (APC) are playing a role in the generation of oral tolerance via their interaction with regulatory T cells recognising dietary and commensal bacterial antigens. Here authors show that a cis transcriptional regulatory element is responsible for RORγt specifically in APCs through interaction with RUNX3 and formation of chromatin loops, which determines a transcriptional program that distinguishes these oral tolerance mediating APCs from RORγt⁺ T cells.

Even though the application of co-solvents in glycosylation protocols is well-established, the understanding of their impact on the glycosylation mechanism as well as the reaction intermediates formed upon their addition, remains incomplete. Here, the authors report the application of relaxation and exchange NMR techniques to establish that acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran form covalent glycosyl-nitrilium and glycosyloxonium ions, respectively.

Mechanical response of semiconducting polymers affects their electrical properties, yet the detail remains elusive. Zhong et al. examine the multiscale structural evolution of conjugated polymer thin films during uniaxial deformation and link it to mechanical resilience and solar cell performance.

Plant diversity plays a key role in regulating ecosystem processes, yet its influence on global soil carbon release remains unclear. This study suggests that higher plant species richness is associated with greater soil respiration in low- to mid-productivity forests but has little effect in highly productive systems.

Dysregulation of H3K4 methylation is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, the authors perturb H3K4 methylation in the MGE and hypothalamus, resulting in altered gene expression and cell fate as well as changes in behavior that mimic NDD symptoms.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

This study identifies ANTXR2 as the cellular receptor for Clostridium perfringens toxin NetF and determines its structure bound to the toxin using cryo-EM, revealing a distinct lateral binding mechanism that facilitates membrane pore formation.

By generating whole genomes of 150 participants representing 12 Khoe-San click-speaking groups, the authors, reveal over 1.3 million unknown DNA variants, distinct San and here described Damara genetic trajectories, while achieving century-long global predominance.

De novo Calcineurin (CN) variants cause DEE91, with E282K being the most common. E282K alters CN’s acidic substrate binding pocket to basic, thus shifting substrate preference and dephosphorylation signaling, subsequently impacting neurodevelopment.

Tracking fast molecules in crowded organelles is error-prone, obscuring dynamic processes like Alzheimer’s secretase activity or secretory sorting. Here, authors present FidlTrack, a structure-aware method that boosts tracking fidelity and resolves ER-exit, nanobody binding, and BACE1-APP cleavage.

Oncolytic viruses, including Zika virus, have been proposed as therapeutic option for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, however, efficacy in patients remains suboptimal. Here, the authors show that expanding peripheral T cells with long-acting IL7 prior to intratumoral oncolytic treatment improves survival in GBM preclinical models.

R2SP belongs to the R2TPlike quaternary chaperone family and consists of RUVBL1/RUVBL2 AAA+ ATPases, SPAG1 and PIH1D2. Here, authors combined biochemistry, NMR, structural MS and cryo-EM to investigate its 3D organization, mode of assembly and ATPase activity.

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to plaque progression in atherosclerosis. Here, Ayllon et al. show that the protein TWIST1 drives endothelial cell plasticity in atherosclerosis, promoting plaque growth and stability while reducing features linked to rupture, challenging the view that these cell changes always worsen disease.

Diamond anvils are widely used in high-pressure research to investigate matter under extreme conditions. Here, broadband spectroscopy is used to measure pressure-driven opacity of diamond anvils to 520 GPa, revealing bandgap narrowing and optical behavior that redefines the limits of high-pressure spectroscopy.

Aqueous two-phase systems have potential as biomimetic materials, but often lack stability and are prone to collapse. Here, the authors use interfacial assembly of chitin nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals to prepare a biobased system with permeability and switchable motility.

Skin-targeted siRNA therapies require optimized delivery to achieve therapeutic efficacy. Here, authors show that increasing conjugate hydrophobicity enhances siRNA skin retention and gene silencing in porcine and human models while limiting systemic tissue exposure.

Zhou et al. develop PISA, an optimizer for deep learning models that supports heterogeneous data and various preconditions. It converges under minimal assumptions, while outperforming established methods for diverse tasks.

Fatigue failure refers to a material’s loss of rigidity after repeated application of stress or deformation. Simulations of model glasses now show that failure times display a power-law divergence and a strong dependence on annealing.

Here, the authors show that myoferlin is a crucial host factor that helps move viral genetic cargo to the cell surface, boosting influenza, RSV and Sendai virus spread, highlighting a common weak spot for future antivirals.

How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

Kir7.1 is an essential potassium channel. The authors report cryo-EM structures in multiple states revealing how bioactive lipids modulate Kir7.1, and define a pharmacological landscape that identifies agonists with therapeutic potential.

Cytosolic ScURA uncouples de novo pyrimidine synthesis from mitochondrial electron transport, and rescues pyrimidine production and cell proliferation under pharmacological or genetic mETC disruption.

The authors show that plasma AT(N) biomarkers can distinguish Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration in diverse Latin American populations. Using machine learning and integrating neuroimaging, significant diagnostic accuracy was achieved, enhancing clinical assessments of these conditions in Latin America.

Therapy to allergy often targets a specific allergen without addressing cross-reactivity. Here the authors develop a consensus, cross-reactive allergen, use mRNA-lipid nanoparticle immunization to induce specific, neutralizing IgG responses, but find no therapeutic effects in mouse allergy models, hinting the need for further optimization prior to translation.

Neoantigen-based adoptive T cell therapies represent a personalized approach for cancer immunotherapy. Here the authors describe NEO-STIM, an ex vivo T cell induction platform to STIMulate peripheral blood T cells to generate responses against tumor NEOantigens.

Seasonal metabolomics revealed that taurine increases during low malaria transmission and is linked to asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection.

In this work, authors use whole genome tracking in a neonatal intensive care unit to reveal a strong link between Staphylococcus aureus colonization and invasive infection, pinpointing critical new targets for infection prevention in high-risk infants.

Critical life-history traits, like growth and body size, can influence species’ survival. Using more than 7500 observations, this study suggests that the growth performance of marine fish has declined by 9% over the past century as a result of commercial size-based harvesting.

Ranek et al. developed a computational method that analyzes proteomic imaging and detects differentially enriched cellular niches, including low-prevalence niches. They applied this tool to inform therapy response in triple-negative breast cancer.

Conventional hemodialysis devices are limited by their need for large dialysate volumes, which restricts portability. This study introduces a dialysate-free wearable artificial kidney prototype that uses gas-permeable, blood-repellent membranes for vapor-gradient-driven water removal and integrated adsorption for toxin clearance, offering a promising technology for portable blood purification.

Molecular glue degraders have consistently been discovered retrospectively, despite their increasing importance. Herein, a high-throughput approach is described that modifies existing ligands into molecular glue degraders.

Here, the authors show that 2’-O-methylated RNA fragments from ribosomal RNA naturally block TLR7 and TLR8, helping to avoid avoid harmful self-RNA detection and autoimmunity.

Mucosal administration of a multivalent, adjuvanted vaccine against Clostridioides difficile promoted bacterial clearance and protected against morbidity, mortality, tissue damage and recurrence in mice.