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Even when neocortical neurons form in abnormal locations, they retain their identity and function, revealing that brain circuit formation can be guided by intrinsic developmental programs rather than physical position.

Research in the tropics is unevenly distributed across regions and biomes. Here, the authors find that moist broadleaf forests account for 73% of all tropical citations but cover 29% of the land area, while drier, climate-vulnerable areas with fewer trees remain under-sampled and under-cited.

Smart microscopy is an emerging technology which integrates real-time analysis with adaptive acquisition to enhance imaging efficiency. Here the authors introduce “outcome-driven microscopy,” an approach that uses optogenetics and real-time feedback to control cell behaviour and protein dynamics.

Reliably probing rejuvenation and memory effects in spin glasses by means of simulations is difficult. Now, a state-of-the-art numerical study shows that at least three different length scales play a crucial role in aging dynamics of spin glasses.

A forward genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans reveals that decreased levels of the ferredoxin FDX2 suppress the loss of frataxin in worms and in mice by relief of FDX2 inhibition of frataxin-stimulated NFS1 activity.

Candida albicans must adapt to hypoxia. Here, the authors discover the sterol C4-methyl oxidase (SMO) Erg251 is essential for extreme hypoxic growth, as well as virulence and colonization, and that SMO inhibitors have therapeutic potential.

Gas-phase actinium monofluoride (AcF) has been produced and spectroscopically studied at the CERN-ISOLDE radioactive ion beam facility; the results highlight the potential of ²²⁷AcF for exceptionally sensitive searches of CP violation.

Rearrangements govern many properties of materials and molecules, but it has been largely unexplored how to create flexible structures from the bottom up. Here, the authors use colloidal particles to explore how to guide the kinetic self-assembly pathways into ordered structures that maintain flexibility.

Reported detections of gases in exoplanet atmospheres, including claims of biosignatures on K2-18 b, disappear when broader models are tested, revealing that such detections often reflect modelling limits rather than real signals.

The early genetic evolution of uveal melanoma (UM) remains poorly understood. Here, the authors perform genetic profiling of 1140 primary UMs, including 131 small early-stage tumours, finding that most genetic driver aberrations have occurred by the time small tumours are biopsied; in addition, the15-gene expression profile discriminant score can predict the transition from low- to high-risk tumours.

Here, the authors use meta-analysis to examine factors that are associated with the successful inclusion of migrants. They find that the strongest correlates of migrant adaptation are the presence of stressors and the availability of social resources.

Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy that converts atmospheric CO₂ to stable carbonates by applying minerals to agricultural land. This Perspective discusses the potential difficulties in scaling ERW, covering feedstock availability, impacts on soil–plant systems, uncertainties around CDR efficiency along the land–ocean continuum and socio-economic challenges.

Combination immunotherapy approaches might be effective in inducing sustained control of HIV by slowing rebound and improving CD8⁺ T cell responses.

Shroom3 genetic variants increase Shroom3 levels and promote kidney fibrosis but reduce proteinuria, complicating Shroom3 targeting for precision medicine. Here, the authors show increased fibrosis mediated by Shroom3–Rock signaling and blocking this interaction genetically or with new compounds reduces tubular Rock activation and fibrosis.

The authors present Gemini, their bifunctional replicon platform capable of functioning as either self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) or self-amplifying DNA (saDNA).

The chimeric candidate Zika virus vaccine YF-ZIK has been previously shown to confer protection in mice after a single dose regimen. Here the authors further characterise the response to YF-ZIK and show induction of immunity and protection in non-human primates.

Chromosomes interact with the cell environment through their interface. Here, the authors use Atomic Force Microscopy to probe the interface and local micromechanics of the chromatin network of native human mitotic chromosomes.

Respiration enhances cerebrospinal fluid flow through mechanical and autonomic pathways. Inhale length and diaphragm motion influence its displacement and net flow, identifying a modifiable, noninvasive mechanism relevant to brain homeostasis.

The tolerogenic activity of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) is determined by EPOR, which is preferentially expressed in cDC1s and induces antigen-specific FOXP3-expressing regulatory T cells.

Single-molecule chromatin fiber sequencing exposes single-cell-level heterogeneity in the chromatin architecture of individual regulatory elements.

DNA damage can arise from natural cellular processes, but how cells prevent resulting mutations is unclear. Here, the authors show that the enzyme Polκ protects mouse tissues from mutations caused by endogenous guanine lesions, revealing how DNA repair and damage tolerance pathways cooperate to maintain genome integrity.

Directional inference: scientific convention applies conclusions from animal studies to humans but not the reverse, contradicting current evidence.

Scanning tunnelling microscopy is used to image pristine electrostatically defined quantum Hall edge states in graphene with high spatial resolution and demonstrate their interaction-driven restructuring.

There are several semiempirical models to predict which elements will form stable compounds, but their applicability is limited. Here, the authors develop a simple model to this aim throughout the periodic table requiring only two parameters fitting.

The authors theoretically delineate the maximal increases in tree growth that can be expected from increases in plant intrinsic water-use efficiency, which increases with rising CO₂. They highlight environmental and physiological limits on growth in the context of experimental data.

This study shows that TE, an inferotemporal (IT) cortex subregion, displays stronger neural plasticity than TEO, another IT subregion, during learning of a challenging visual categorization task in primates, to which both areas contribute.

ATP synthase powers cells by converting proton translocation into energy. Here, authors reveal distinct structural features of the P. aeruginosa ATP synthase that regulate activity and may serve as targets for new antimicrobial therapies.

The impact of tumour heterogeneity on metastatic potential in prostate cancer remains poorly understood. Here, the analysis of single nuclei RNA sequencing and whole-genome sequencing from samples from five patients suggests an interplay between clonal evolution and cellular plasticity driving metastatic seeding.

A hybrid machine learning and atomistic modelling strategy enables one-shot design of efficient enzymes to catalyse diverse biological and non-biological chemical transformations.

Insecticide resistance can limit the effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets for malaria prevention, but other factors such as access and durability also contribute. Here, the authors quantify impacts of this ‘cascade’ of factors using a mathematical model.

Dysfunctionality of T lymphocytes has been implicated in cancer and infection, however, the role of CD4 T cells remains understudied. The authors here generate a TCR transgenic mouse model for the study of dysfunctional CD4 T cells directed against a tumor-specific antigen, which can be reinvigorated by checkpoint blockade and vaccination.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the survival of drug tolerant persister cells following chemotherapy remains elusive. Here, multi-omics analysis and experimental approaches show that the germ-cell-specific H3K4 methyltransferase PRDM9 promotes metabolic rewiring in glioblastoma stem cells.

The study provides observational evidence of energy transfer in space plasmas, showing hydrogen and helium ions interact differently with ion-scale waves. Despite helium’s low abundance, they show their interaction can excite electrostatic waves, facilitating energy transfer across scales and challenging traditional models.

Large swathes of standing dead trees or ‘ghost forests’ can form owing to rising sea levels in coastal areas, but the extent to which this occurs is unclear. This study maps ghost forests at the individual tree level along the US Atlantic coastal region.

The authors present DNA-Diffusion, a generative AI framework that designs synthetic regulatory elements with tunable cell-type specificity. Experimental validation demonstrates their ability to reactivate AXIN2 expression, a leukemia-protective gene, in its native genomic context.

Metabolic and proteomic profiles derived from fossilized skeletal remains of animals enable inferences regarding physiological health and disease as well as diet to provide reconstructions of ancient soil, vegetation and palaeoclimate characteristics.

Here, the authors find that low Nicastrin protein in the disease Hidradenitis Suppurativa enhances immune sensitivity and may be caused by exposure to plastic-associated compounds.

Kathiriya et al. identify a cardiac progenitor lineage with expression of Tbx5 and anterior heart field-specific expression of Mef2c that bisects the intraventricular septum during development and show that alterations in this lineage lead to congenital heart defects in mice.

Planning for the Colorado River is critical to secure water and hydropower for the western US under climate change. This study highlights how different policies may reduce but not eliminate the risk of losing water and energy supply altogether.

Researchers applied high resolution inversions of satellite methane observations to estimate methane emissions from 161 countries, finding that global anthropogenic emissions are 15% larger than Paris Agreement reporting.

FACED 2.0 builds on and expands the capabilities of the free-space angular-chirp-enhanced delay microscopy approach. Its high speed, large field of view and volumetric coverage enable two-photon voltage imaging of hundreds of neurons or calcium imaging of thousands of neurons in the mouse or zebrafish brain.

Covalent KRAS inhibitors show initial responses but resistance limits durability. Here drug-induced hapten peptides are identified and characterized, enabling production of high affinity, cross-HLA T cell engagers that stabilize low density hapten peptide MHCs to drive tumor-specific killing.

Using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry and quantum chemistry, this study uncovers a previously missing process by which aldehydes in engine combustion form organic acids, a finding critical for accurate emissions modelling and mitigation strategies.

The variability in clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection is partly due to deficiencies in production or response to type I interferons (IFN). Here, the authors describe a FIP200-dependent lysosomal degradation pathway, independent of canonical autophagy and type I IFN, that restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication, offering insights into critical COVID-19 pneumonia mechanisms.

Motivated by the need for a non-living and versatile multiblock semi-crystalline polyolefin synthetic method, the authors report a method for producing previously inaccessible iPP-b-LLDPE linear multiblocks wherein the overall molecular weights, individual block lengths, and crystallinity can be controlled.