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Available wheat genomes are annotated by projecting Chinese Spring gene models across the new assemblies. Here, the authors generate de novo gene annotations for the 9 wheat genomes, identify core and dispensable transcriptome, and reveal conservation and divergence of gene expression balance across homoeologous subgenomes.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

The XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines.

Genetic mechanisms influencing COVID-19 susceptibility are not well understood. Here, the authors analyzed whole blood RNA-seq data of 465 Japanese individuals with COVID-19, highlighting thousands of fine-mapped variants affecting expression and splicing of genes, as well as the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs.

The authors develop and characterise a selective Greatwall inhibitor, C-604, and show that its cytotoxicity stems from PP2A-B55α hyperactivation. They identify B55α and Greatwall levels as biomarkers of responses to Greatwall-targeted therapy.

Uterine adenomyosis often co-occurs with endometriosis or leiomyoma, but little is known about its molecular underpinnings. Here, the authors show that KRAS mutations are frequent in this disease, which might reduce sensitivity to progestin treatment via epigenetic silencing of the progesterone receptor.

One area of interest in the field of molecular magnetism is the development of high-spin molecules. Here, the authors report a cyanide-bridged nanocage consisting of 18 high-spin iron(III) ions ferromagnetically coupled through 24 low-spin iron(II) ions, with a ground state spin of S=45.

Ito et al. present CoVFit, an AI model that predicts variant fitness (transmissibility) from spike protein sequences alone. They further demonstrate its utility in forecasting viral evolution via single amino acid mutations.

Bando et al. perform a phase II trial of atezolizumab monotherapy following platinum-based definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and report a complete response rate of 42%.

F_oF₁-ATP synthase converts proton motive force into ATP, with the H⁺/ATP ratio typically ranging from 2.7 to 5. Here, the authors engineered this enzyme to form multiple peripheral stalks, achieving an H⁺/ATP ratio of 5.8—the highest yet reported.

An acellular, bioresorbable, ultra-purified alginate gel implantation system to prevent lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration after discectomy demonstrated its feasibility and safety in phase 1/2 clinical trials for herniated intervertebral disc degeneration.

While tendon healing is robust in children, adult tendon injuries are repaired with fibrotic scarring. Here they show that PI3K-Akt signaling plays a pivotal role in physiological neonatal tendon regeneration and regulates the stemness of both Scx-lineage tenocytes and Tppp3-lineage paratenon sheath cells.

Water ice exhibits several hydrogen-ordered and disordered phases and it’s unclear if a disordered phase can transform into only one ordered phase. Here, the authors identify a partially hydrogen-ordered phase at high pressure, ice XIX, as the second hydrogen-ordered phase of ice VI beside ice XV.

Metastable cubic ice has been identified in several conditions relevant to geo and astrochemistry, but was always characterized by stacking disorder. Here the authors synthesize a hydrogen hydrate and degas hydrogen, obtaining pure non-defected cubic ice, observed by X-ray and neutron diffraction.

Signal processing in electronic devices is in the THz regime. Here the authors measure NIR lightwave-field-induced multiple dipole oscillations in Cr:Al₂O₃ in the time domain reaching PHz scale by using an isolated attosecond pulse and this method shows potential for higher speed signal processing.

A barcoded CRISPR base editing system isolates target clones from complex mammalian, yeast and bacterial populations.

Video-rate imaging of various types of biological tissue is reported using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. The label-free scheme offers molecular specificity and frame-by-frame wavelength tunability allowing the creation of 2D and 3D images of samples showing different constituents.

Non-basaltic volcanism is rare on the Moon and has been found predominantly on the lunar nearside. Analysis of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera images and spectral data reveal the presence of compositionally evolved, non-basaltic volcanism on the lunar farside.

Using a database of doubly labelled water energy expenditure measurements spanning more than 30 years, Speakman and colleagues show that total energy expenditure in humans has declined over time, while adjusted physical activity energy expenditure has increased over time.

Lee et al. discovered two synthetic small molecules (Maya1 and Maya2) that interact with the plant flagellin receptor FLS2 in Arabidopsis. These molecules weakly activate FLS2, eliciting an atypical immune response that helps protect plants from bacterial infection.

The molecular heterogeneity of KMT2A-rearranged infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains poorly characterised. Here, the authors perform multi-omics analysis for 84 ALL patients and suggest 5 distinct subgroups for risk stratification and personalised treatment.’

This study presents a predictive equation for total energy expenditure derived from doubly labelled water measurements. Applying this equation to two large datasets (the National Diet and Nutrition Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) shows that the misreporting of total energy intake is greater than 50%, with important implications for macronutrient availability.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

In the phase 3 CEPHEUS trial, patients with transplant-ineligible or transplant-deferred newly diagnosed multiple myeloma were treated with subcutaneous daratumumab plus bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (D-VRd), which led to a significantly deeper and more durable increase in minimal residual disease responses compared with the control arm of VRd.

XBB is the first recombinant, globally dominant variant of SARS-CoV-2. Here, the authors examine the variant’s origins and virological properties, showing it is the first example of SARS-CoV-2 improving its fitness through recombination.

In an exploratory preplanned biomarker analysis of the phase 3 PARADIGM trial, a lack of resistance gene alterations in baseline circulating tumor DNA (negative hyperselection) was associated with prolonged overall survival after first-line panitumumab with chemotherapy in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer.

Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study for recurrent pregnancy loss without apparent clinical causes and identify a protective HLA haplotype. They also show that rare predicted loss-of-function variants in CDH11 are associated with risk of recurrent pregnancy loss.

Arabs account for 5% of the world population and have a high burden of cardiometabolic disease. Here, the authors optimize polygenic scores for 10 cardiometabolic traits in 5399 Arabs, achieving a performance on par with that among European-ancestry individuals.

Whole-genome sequencing identifies noncoding CGG repeat expansions in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, oculopharyngodistal myopathy and oculopharyngeal myopathy with leukoencephalopathy, three disorders with overlapping clinical features and neuroimaging findings.

The fetal murine foregut develops into visceral organs via interactions between the mesoderm and endoderm, but how is unclear. Here, the authors use single cell RNAseq to show a diversity in organ specific splanchnic mesoderm cell-types, infer a signalling network governing organogenesis and use this to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells.

Adenosine A₃ receptor (A₃R) plays important roles in neurons, heart, and immune cells, and is often overexpressed in tumors. Oshima et al. identify tRNA-derived i⁶A as an A₃R-selective ligand and use cryo-EM to reveal A₃R’s selectivity and activation mechanisms.

Reduction of pollen grain number is widespread in selfing plants, but the determining gene is unknown. Here, the authors show that a ribosome-biogenesis factor encoding gene RDP1 is responsible for adaptive reduction of male gamete number in Arabidopsis thaliana.