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Histologically, PAX3-FOXO1 (P3F) fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS) resembles muscles cells, however, its cell-of-origin is less clear. Here, the authors demonstrate that P3F expression induces endothelial cells reprogramming into functional myogenic stem cells, driving the formation of FP-RMS in mouse models.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes interstitial pneumonia and viral replication in the lungs of transgenic mice that express a human version of ACE2, confirming the pathogenicity of the virus in this model.

Early and accurate clinical assessment of disease severity in COVID-19 patients is essential for planning the allocation of scarce hospital resources. An explainable machine learning tool trained on blood sample data from 485 patients from Wuhan selected three biomarkers for predicting mortality of individual patients with high accuracy.

The Dark sectioning algorithm removes the background and provides single-frame optical sectioning in fluorescence microscopy. It offers improved quantitative analysis and deep-tissue segmentation accuracy and is compatible to diverse modalities.

Electrocardiogram is crucial for cardiovascular disease prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Here, the authors present a motion-unrestricted dynamic electrocardiogram system utilizing skin-conformal, imperceptible electronics for long-term, comfortable, and accurate 12-lead monitoring.

Only a few genetic variants have been identified to mediate salt tolerance in major crops and their molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, the authors identify WRKY53 as a negative regulator of salt tolerance in rice, and show that it directly trans-regulates expression of MKK10.2 and HKT1;5 to meditate salt tolerance.

An integration of 3D chromatin structure and gene expression at single-cell resolution has not yet been demonstrated. Here, authors develop a multi-omic data integration algorithm applied to a breast cancer model, identifying topologically conserved domains and integrated subpopulations.

Livestock grazing may drive grassland degradation. Here, the authors use process-based modelling validated with empirical data to define a stocking rate threshold across grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, identify vulnerable areas and predict threshold shifts under future climate scenarios.

Difunctionalization of readily available alkenes is a powerful method to quickly build molecular complexity. Here the authors report a three-component, oxidative carboamination between alkenes, alkyl nitriles and amines, producingγ-amino alkyl nitriles.

Molecular recognition is an important biological process where guest and host molecules interact through non-covalent bonding. Yeet al. show that this can be sensed by the dielectric and ferroelectric signals of the final complexes in a series of metal-coordination compounds with different diol molecules.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

Nanopore direct RNA sequencing is promising for epitranscriptome study but remains limited in single-molecule resolution. Here, the authors develop SingleMod, a tool for accurate single-molecule m6A detection from DRS and reveal cross-species epitranscriptome landscapes at single-molecule level.

Boron-containing drug candidates have garnered increasing attention due to their pharmacological properties and application in boron neutron capture therapy. Here, the authors report a transition metal-free anti-addition of pinacolborane to alkynes, facilitated by the counteranion effect for the facile construction of bora-butenolide bioisosteres.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations in X-ray data are thought to trace the accretion flow in X-ray binaries. Here, the detection of 200 keV oscillations probes the innermost regions of MAXI J1820+070, revealing the precession of a small-scale jet.

An optimized Co–Ni alloy catalyst encapsulated with Sm₂O₃-doped CeO₂ shows both high activity and stability for high-temperature CO₂-to-CO conversion, overcoming the limitations of such catalysts typically used in industrial applications.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterised by the generation of antibodies targeting DNA and nuclear antigens. Here, the authors show that oxidised mitochondrial DNA induces gasdermin D oligomerization and promotes pore formation in neutrophils from patients with SLE.

Primary biliary cholangitis is a chronic autoimmune disease critically linked to immunological dysregulation but the local immune-pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here the authors present single cell transcriptomic characterisation of primary biliary cholangitis and implicates Th1 like cells in a murine model.

Maser applications are hindered by their demanding working conditions. Here, Jinet al. theoretically propose a room-temperature maser based on nitrogen vacancy centres in diamond. This numerical study demonstrates that the operation of the maser under readily accessible conditions is feasible.

Cervical screening is a key method for detecting cervical cancer, but is limited by pathologist detection. Here, the authors use artificial intelligence to predict cytology grades from whole slide images.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

The feasibility of satellite-assisted quantum communication is demonstrated by a field test on the ground. To supress noise due to sunlight the wavelength of 1,550 nm is chosen, and spectrum and spatial filtering technology developed.

The ectoenzyme CD73 is often elevated in tumour environments and targeting this protein is a tumour therapeutic target. Here the authors characterise a therapeutic anti-CD73 antibody cocktail which is more effective than either antibody alone and suggest a molecular mechanism of how this antibody cocktail functions.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

HvMADS1 in barley positively regulates awn length and lemma width by promoting cell proliferation through direct action on the expression of HvSHI and HvDL. In wheat, MADS1 conservatively regulates awn length.

Platinum-based therapies are a key component of colorectal cancer therapy, but patients often become resistant. Here, the authors identify a non-canonical function of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) wherein its nuclear translocation increases NF-κB activity promoting resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.

The emergence of superconductivity under pressure is reported in a chromium-based kagome metal, CsCr₃Sb₅, which has strong electron correlations, frustrated magnetism and characteristic flat bands close to the Fermi level.

Monolithic SiC metasurface is demonstrated to engineer arbitrary 3D perfect vector vortex beam and implement an optical anticounterfeiting scheme by using such beams. This method paves the way for advanced optical trapping and information security.

Twisted photonic crystals enable a strong light-matter interaction due to the flatband and high Q factor. Here, authors demonstrate Purcell enhancement between single quantum dots and Moiré nanocavities, with a PL intensity enhancement of about 8.4 times and a Purcell factor around 3.0.

Improving signal to noise ratio of Raman spectra is vital for the application. Here, authors show a noise learning method that learns the noise feature of a spectrometer. This improves the signal to noise ratio and makes deep learning to be instrument dependent instead of sample dependent.

Intracellular copper concentration has been linked to cell proliferation. Here, the authors demonstrate that copper binding to both Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and CCNB1 is essential for activating CDK1 and promoting the G2/M transition in the cell cycle.

Fast and accurate prediction of bulk moduli for diverse materials is challenging. Here, the authors introduce the concept of atomic stiffness to accelerate bulk modulus prediction and high-throughput screening of ultra-incompressible crystals.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is involved in mammalian reproduction, but several studies have suggested a role of FSH and its receptor in extragonadal tissue. Here, the authors show that FSH orchestrates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) via its receptor on pancreatic β-cells, with pre-menopausal FSH levels dose-dependently promoting GSIS and postmenopausal FSH levels inhibiting this effect.

Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study of the ALPS-index, identifying 17 unique genome-wide significant loci, unraveling mechanisms of brain glymphatic activity and providing insight for its relation to neuropsychiatric phenotypes.

The cancer cell-extrinsic roles of deubiquitinases are unclear. Here the authors show that deubiquitinase USP12 downregulation contributes to development of an immune-suppressive tumour microenvironment in KRAS-driven lung cancers and mechanistically this is through the insufficient deubiquitination of the NF-κB inhibitor, PPM1B.

Chun et al. find that a severe model of reactive astrocytes overproduces hydrogen peroxide, leading to the development of Alzheimer’s disease-like pathologies, including neurodegeneration, tauopathy and memory impairment.

Snakes have many characteristics that distinguish them from their relatives. Here, Yin et al. sequence the genome of the five-pacer viper, Deinagkistrodon acutus, and use comparative genomic analyses to elucidate the evolution of transposable elements, developmental genes and sex chromosomes in snakes.

Direct growth of graphene on h-BN is desired to improve device performance. Here, the authors demonstrate the direct growth of large-area and continuous graphene/h-BN vertical heterostructures via a co-segregation approach.