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Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The authors show that ~100-kyr climate cycles over the past ~800 ka, and even since ~34 Ma, likely arose from a ~2.4-Myr eccentricity-modulated competition between low- and high-latitude continental carbon reservoirs for dominance in carbon cycles.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Here, the authors design a microcavity-confined 2D heterojunction to realize the strong coupling among donor exciton, acceptor exciton, and cavity photon mode, leading to an unconventional energy transfer via polariton relaxation with an enhancement factor of ~440.

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of superconducting magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene reveals flat-band replicas that are indicative of strong electron–phonon coupling; these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene.

Various policy instruments are proposed to meet mitigation targets, yet the synergistic and trade-off effects of interactions are less understood. With rich scenarios of policy mixes, the authors demonstrate that in most cases these interactions will delay the achievement of carbon targets in China.

Wannier excitons exhibit a relatively large Bohr radius, and this limits the strength of coupling to magnetic ions, in exciton hosting material. Here, Huang et al. overcome this limitation by using self-trapped excitons in Cs₃Cu₂I₅, with a resulting large exciton Zeeman splitting.

The introduction of sodium heparin passivates interface defects and enhances bonding between the electron transport layer and the perovskite layer in perovskite solar cells. The best-performing devices exhibit a certified PCE of 26.54% and maintain almost 95% of their initial performance after 1,800 h of maximum power point tracking.

The authors realize the enhancement of energy storage performance of NaNbO3-based multilayer ceramic capacitors guided by phase-field simulation through the design of directional slush-like structures.

An artificial Kitaev chain is realized by engineering three coupled quantum dots in a two-dimensional electron gas, which enables the manipulation and observation of both the edge and bulk states.

Nanomotor delivery has the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes. Here, the authors use the natural reactive oxygen species gradient in the tumour microenvironment to target delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing plasmids using reactive oxygen species responsive nanomotors for metabolic disruption and immunotherapy.

In plants and algae, isoamylases drive phytoglycogen-to-amylopectin conversion. Here, the authors show that ISA1 and ISA2 form a heterocomplex that coordinately trims glucan branches to promote starch granule formation, defining a key step in starch biosynthesis.

Experimental systems in which non-trivial topology is driven by spontaneous symmetry breaking are rare. Now, topological gaps resulting from two excitonic condensates have been demonstrated in a three-dimensional material.

Protein structures are predicted by integrating deep learning potentials with iterative threading fragment assembly simulations.

Diatomic catalysts show promise for the oxygen reduction reaction, but their complex kinetics hinder rational design. Here, the authors synthesize strongly bonded Fe-Co diatomic catalysts where Co acts as the main active site and Fe aids *OH adsorption, revealing a synergistic effect.

This work introduces an accurate liquid identification strategy by integrating droplet mechanics and solid–liquid interface contact electrification in a ZnO–PDMS superhydrophobic solid–liquid sensor.

In a reverse-translational study followed by a clinical trial, the targeting of antigen-presenting mast cells was identified as a therapeutic approach to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who experienced clinical benefit when treated with the mast cell stabilizer cromolyn.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Although tyre-related chemicals are raising concerns, information about their toxicity after water disinfection is still lacking. Data on Chinese hamster ovary cell cytotoxicity now show that chloramine, chlorine and ozone disinfection substantially elevated the cytotoxicity of tyre-impacted water.

Semiconductor quantum dots that simultaneously support blue and yellow emission offer a route to realizing efficient white light-emitting diodes.

Caustics, as a unique type of singularity in wave phenomena, occur in diverse physical systems. Here, the authors realize multi-dimensional customization of caustics with 3D-printed metasurfaces. This arbitrary caustic engineering is poised to bring new revolutions to many domains.

Unlike charge currents, pure spin currents do not suffer from joule heating; however, taking advantage of pure spin currents requires the development of pure spin current polarizers. Here, through careful material engineering of LaFeO₃, Chen et al succeed in development a pure spin current polarizer.

Detecting the localized nature of 4f orbitals in lanthanide ion is a major challenge. Here, the authors resolve the spatially dependent f-π exchange interaction within a single-molecule magnet TbPc₂ and show their spin states can be electrically controlled in a reversible manner.

Polysubstituted arenes are ubiquitous structural cores in natural products and drugs but their synthesis through programmable arene modification remains a challenge. Now, a palladium- and norbornene-catalysed Catellani-type reaction of aryl ketones, through successive acylation and deacylation, allows the synthesis of polysubstituted arenes.

In this phase 2 trial, YKYY017, a SARS-CoV-2 membrane fusion inhibitor, was tested against mild to moderate COVID-19. Inhaled YKYY017 at 20 mg produced a numerically higher viral load reduction compared with placebo on Day 4, suggesting potential antiviral activity. Both inhaled 10 mg and 20 mg YKYY017 were well-tolerated and had acceptable safety profiles.

Anandasabapathy and colleagues show that the inhibitory receptor PD-1 impacts the specification of tissue-resident memory T cells in the skin.

Ionic or molecular transport in conventional polymeric membranes often suffers from a trade-off between permeability and selectivity. The authors report on an interfacial polymer cross-linking strategy to produce a robust, permeable and selective 3-µm-thick ultrathin polymeric membrane containing quasi-ordered reticular cross-linking structures.

Energy decay, describing the leakage of system energy into the surrounding environment, has been used to characterize the energy interactions for individual resonators. Here, authors utilize energy decay to analyze and observe coherent energy transfer and beating phenomena in coupled micromechanical resonators.

Assembly and analysis of a giant genome of 52.7 Gb, with the largest chromosome so far, and a smaller genome of 3.55 Gb, sheds light on the expansion, maintenance and higher-order chromatin structure of giant genome.

The management of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains challenging due to the complexity of its etiology. Here, the authors establish that argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) and its metabolite arginine are pivotal inducers of UC, through the triggering of mTOR and iNOS activation, and the induction of gut microbiota dysbiosis by metabolomics and proteomics. Inhibition of ASS1 by C-01 provides a viable strategy for the treatment of UC.

Signatures of superconductivity in La₃Ni₂O₇ thin films are demonstrated, facilitated by the application of epitaxial compressive strain, suggesting that the observed low zero resistance T_c of around 2 K can be attributed to several factors.

The authors report magnetotransport evidence for the coexistence of a two-dimensional (2D) superconducting state and a 2D ferromagnetic state at the interface between amorphous CaZrO₃ film and KTaO₃ single crystal. Moreover, the magnetoresistance hysteresis reaches a maximum near the superconducting transition temperature.

Structural vacancies in crystalline solids have potential in tuning optoelectronic properties. However, the random distribution of vacancies a problem when creating materials with completely reproducible functions. Here authors use vacancy engineering to improve electronic communication between cluster units in 3D orientationally ordered MOF crystals.

Conformal transformation optics is exploited to design curved accelerating waveguides with spatially gradient curvatures to boost the nonlinear efficiency and broaden the bandwidth of the nonlinear optical processes in the waveguides.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Lai et al. present a spatially resolved atlas of human atherosclerotic plaques, revealing cellular heterogeneity and identifying lymphoid structures and their potential functions and implications.

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) contributes to sex bias in T cell immunity, but data on profiling XCI during human T cell development is still lacking. Here, the authors leverage allele-specific expression, sex-biased gene expression and DNA methylation data on human pediatric thymocytes to find surprisingly stable XCI during thymocyte differentiation.

Metal-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane and methanogenesis, mediated by a diverse microbial community, drove iron-mineral transformation and may have aided ice sheet melting, according to analysis of Sturtian iron formations from South China

The electrocatalytic C-N coupling of CO and organic nitrogen provides a promising strategy for producing high-value chemicals. Here, the authors report an iodide ion coordination effect that generates Cuδ+ active sites, enabling the efficient electrosynthesis of acetamide from CO and amine.

Friction and wear cause widespread energy loss and damage. Here, the authors propose a strategy to reduce friction and wear through inducing dynamic electronic density redistribution via alternating electric current.