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For solid-state qubits, the material environment hosts sources of errors that vary in time and space. This systematic analysis of errors affecting high-fidelity two-qubit gates in silicon can inform the design of large-scale quantum computers.

Precise control of electrons in two-dimensional materials has been limited by fabrication techniques for local gates that introduce disorder. Now, a technique allows patterning of sub-100 nm features and fabrication of very clean interfaces.

Reversible gates, like Fredkin gates, may be useful for energy conservation efforts. Cohen et al. present a formalism that may be used to produce any reversible logic. This method is implemented over an optical design of the Fredkin gate which utilizes only optical elements that inherently conserve energy.

How and where somatosensory information is encoded in the cortex is unclear and important for developing new pain therapies. Here the authors show a crucial role for the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) in accurate perception of sensory stimuli.

Initiation factor 2 (IF2) guides the ribosome to the elongation phase of protein synthesis. Here, Basu et al. provide structural insights into how compact IF2-GDP makes way for initiator tRNA accommodation into the peptidyl (P) site of the ribosome.

Dopamine is known to contribute to the amygdala-mediated aversive response, where increased dopamine release can augment amygdala function. Combining fMRI and PET imaging techniques, Kienast et al. present findings that suggest a functional link between anxiety temperament, dopamine storage capacity and emotional processing in the amygdala.

Typically, Boolean logic gates have to compromise between high speed and low energy consumption which can become limiting at scale. Here, the authors demonstrate architectures for NOT and XNOR gates that enable simultaneous low power and fast operation.

Biomaterials that respond to precise combinations of environmental cues represent an important technology for tissue engineering and next-generation drug delivery systems. Now, a modular framework to programme material degradation following Boolean logic has been demonstrated by specifying the molecular architecture and connectivity of orthogonal stimuli-labile moieties within hydrogel cross-linkers.

EGFR is a receptor that is upregulated in many cancers, but the mechanisms that control EGFR function are incompletely understood. Here the authors used single particle tracking to identify a role for tetraspanin CD81 in EGFR ligand binding, mobility, and signaling.

The central amygdala relies on inhibitory circuitry to encode fear memories, but how this information is acquired and expressed in these connections is unknown. Two new papers use a combination of cutting-edge technologies to reveal two distinct microcircuits within the central amygdala, one required for fear acquisition and the other critical for conditioned fear responses. Understanding this architecture provides a strong link between activity in a specific circuit and particular behavioural consequences.

Measurements of anyons moving through a quantum point contact allow the extraction of their tunnelling exponent. This fully characterizes their topological order and confirms that they are well described by the Luttinger liquid theory.

Researchers describe a mechanism capable of compressing fast and intense X-ray pulses through the rapid loss of crystalline periodicity. It is hoped that this concept, combined with X-ray free-electron laser technology, will allow scientists to obtain structural information at atomic resolutions.

A superconducting quantum computer is used to realize an out-of-equilibrium topologically ordered state, which hosts anyonic excitations.

Although ABC-F proteins represent a ubiquitously distributed type of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family member across phyla, their biological functions remain poorly characterized. A new study now shows that the bacterial ABC-F protein YjjK (EttA) gates ribosome entry into the translational cycle in an energy-dependent manner.

In a quantum simulation of a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory using a superconducting quantum processor, the dynamics of strings reveal the transition from deconfined to confined excitations as the effective electric field is increased.

Klein and colleagues characterize 04_A06, a new V_H1-2-encoded broadly neutralizing antibody that has marked breadth and potency against extended multiclade HIV-1 pseudovirus panels and can maintain full viral suppression in HIV-1-infected humanized mice.

A programmable quantum processor based on encoded logical qubits operating with up to 280 physical qubits is described, in which improvement of algorithmic performance using a variety of error-correction codes is enabled.

Experimental observation of flux periodicity ϕ₀/2 for interference of the outermost edge mode of Fabry-Perot interferometers has been attributed to exotic electron pairing mechanisms. Here, the authors demonstrate that the interfering charges of a Fabry-Perot interferometer are single electrons

Quantum devices’ growth drives efforts to show their benefits. Here, the authors prove unconditionally that constant-depth quantum circuits surpass biased threshold circuits with neural network-like functions for all prime qudit dimensions, even with noise.

Qubit-based simulations of gauge theories are challenging as gauge fields require high-dimensional encoding. Now a quantum electrodynamics model has been demonstrated using trapped-ion qudits, which encode information in multiple states of ions.

An interconnect based on a low-loss detachable cable connection between two superconducting qubit devices can be used to create elementary quantum networks of interchangeable superconducting quantum devices.

Digital quantum simulations of fermionic models have so far been based on the Jordan–Wigner encoding, which is computationally expensive. An alternative and more efficient encoding scheme is now demonstrated in a trapped-ion quantum computer.

In this alternative approach to quantum computation, the all-electrical operation of two qubits, each encoded in three physical solid-state spin qubits, realizes swap-based universal quantum logic in an extensible physical architecture.

Quantum computers may help to solve classically intractable problems, such as simulating non-equilibrium dissipative quantum systems. The critical dynamics of a dissipative quantum model has now been probed on a trapped-ion quantum computer.

The largest harmonized proteomic dataset of plasma, serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples across major neurodegenerative diseases reveals both disease-specific and transdiagnostic proteomic signatures, including a robust plasma profile associated with the APOEε4 genotype.

An artificial Kitaev chain is realized by engineering three coupled quantum dots in a two-dimensional electron gas, which enables the manipulation and observation of both the edge and bulk states.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Fault-tolerant circuits for the control of a logical qubit encoded in 13 trapped ion qubits through a Bacon–Shor quantum error correction code are demonstrated.

Excitonic quantum oscillations are observed in correlated electron–hole bilayers and quantum phase transitions are identified between excitonic insulator and bilayer quantum Hall states under strong magnetic fields.

The authors estimate genomic vulnerability for closely related species of rainbowfish. They find that narrow endemic species that have hybridized with a warm-adapted generalist show reduced vulnerability to climate change and that hybridization may facilitate evolutionary rescue for such species.

Checking the quality of operations of quantum computers in a reliable and scalable way is still an open challenge. Here, the authors show how to characterise multi-qubit operations in a way that scales favourably with the system’s size, and demonstrate it on a 10-qubit ion-trap device.

Quantum supremacy is demonstrated using a programmable superconducting processor known as Sycamore, taking approximately 200 seconds to sample one instance of a quantum circuit a million times, which would take a state-of-the-art supercomputer around ten thousand years to compute.

Demonstrations of quantum advantage relying on sampling hard-to-compute probability distributions are plagued by difficulties in efficiently confirming the correctness of their output, which is known as the verification problem. Here, the authors use a trapped-ion platform to demonstrate efficient verification of quantum random sampling in measurement-based quantum computing.

Quantifying the effect of mutations on binding free energy is important to understand protein-protein interaction (PPI). Here the authors develop a method based on yeast display and next-generation sequencing to generate quantitative binding landscapes for any PPI regardless of their Kd value.

People living in rural areas of the United States have poorer outcomes from acute COVID-19. Here, the authors show that higher mortality rates among rural dwellers persist for up to two years after the initial infection, even after accounting for baseline risk factors.

Qudits can encode a richer class of topologically ordered states, which are promising for quantum information, but experimental realizations have been limited to qubits. Here, the authors report a study of a qutrit toric code on a trapped-ion quantum computer.

Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

Bosonic qubits can be engineered to feature intrinsic protection against certain kinds of errors, which makes quantum error correction across many bosonic qubits possible with less overhead.

A plasmonic printing technology is developed to enable rapid, room-temperature, scalable fabrication of all-metal oxide thin-film transistors and circuits.

By coupling two quantum dots via a superconductor-semiconductor hybrid region in a 2D electron gas, the authors achieve efficient splitting of Cooper pairs. Further, by applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the spin-orbit field, they can induce and measure large triplet correlations in the Cooper pair splitting process.

A fault-tolerant, universal set of single- and two-qubit quantum gates is demonstrated between two instances of the seven-qubit colour code in a trapped-ion quantum computer.

Certifiably random bits can be generated using the 56-qubit Quantinuum H2-1 trapped-ion quantum computer accessed over the Internet.

DNA is a particularly useful molecule with which to assemble mechanical nanodevices with controllable functions. Here, the authors present a three-membered DNA catenane as a controllable and reversible logic circuit.

Tensor networks provide a powerful tool for understanding and improving quantum computing. This Technical Review discusses applications in simulation, circuit synthesis, error correction and mitigation, and quantum machine learning.

As a benchmark for the development of a future quantum computer, sampling from random quantum circuits is suggested as a task that will lead to quantum supremacy—a calculation that cannot be carried out classically.

A study demonstrating increasing error suppression with larger surface code logical qubits, implemented on a superconducting quantum processor.

Experiments on a noisy 127-qubit superconducting quantum processor report the accurate measurement of expectation values beyond the reach of current brute-force classical computation, demonstrating evidence for the utility of quantum computing before fault tolerance.