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A combination of adenovirus-vectored and subunit protein intranasal vaccine enhances immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants in animal models and humans.

Uterine fluid supports early embryo development. This study reveals maternal high-fat diet alters tsRNA/rsRNA profiles in uterine fluid, leading to abnormal embryonic metabolism and offspring disorders, demonstrating a novel mode of RNA-mediated communication.

This study applied a high-throughput sequencing approach to analyse Arabidopsis DCL1 cleavage. DCL1 cleavage preferences are governed by the GHR motif, which is conserved across plant species and has a role in the biogenesis of non-canonical 22-nucleotide microRNAs.

Generation of mature oocytes requires tight regulation of a discontinuous meiotic cell cycle. Here they show that the acetyltransferase Nat10 mediates modification of RNAs targeted for degradation and find that this process is essential for female oocyte meiosis and maturation.

Common photovoltaic effect is across the interface of heterojunctions. Here, the authors find that scanning a light beam can induce a persistent in-plane photoelectric voltage along silicon-water interfaces, due to the following movement of a charge packet in the vicinity of the silicon surface.

Crystal structures of cyanobacterial protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases reveal the basis of the photocatalytic activities of this enzyme, through the role of its active site in enabling the light-driven reduction of protochlorophyllide.

Lfy1 is a maize mutant identified 50 years ago with increased leaf number above the primary ear and later flowering time. Here, the authors reveal that a Copia LTR-retrotransposon insertion leads to enhanced expression of an AAA ATPase encoding gene to give the mutant phenotype.

Attempts have been made in flowing liquids over carbon nanomaterials to generate electric voltages, but a convincing or significant voltage is yet to be obtained. Here, Yin et al.show an electrokinetic process in which an electric potential of 0.1 V is generated in graphene by a moving liquid–gas boundary.

A voltage of a few millivolts can be generated by moving a droplet of ionic solution along a strip of monolayer graphene.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Alternating-current electroluminescent fibres hold promise as light sources for smart textiles and soft machines, yet they suffer from low durability and stability. Here, the authors report a bright, durable electroluminescent fibre that recovers from severing damage and remains stable for months, with omnidirectional magnetic actuation.

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing proteins can catabolize NAD⁺. Here, Wang et al show that these proteins can also function as NAD-RNA decapping enzymes by releasing the NAM moiety from the NAD-RNA, resulting in the regulation of gene expression.

A cellular spike-in metagenomic method for absolute quantification of microorganisms in the aquatic environment is used to develop a risk assessment framework to support informed water quality management and policy decisions.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Middle-aged individuals are more susceptible to obesity, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that extracellular vesicles from adipose progenitor cells in middle-aged individuals lack miR-145-5p, driving inflammation, and that restoring miR-145-5p could prevent midlife obesity.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

This Review discusses new mechanistic insights into plant microRNA maturation, intercellular and tissue mobility and the intriguing interplay between microRNAs and the translation process.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

The occupied anti-bonding states at the Fermi level in metavalently bonded systems stems from the interplay between metavalent bonds and the phase of orbitals. This provides a recipe for identifying superior dopants to improve the thermoelectric performance of metavalently bonded materials.

The authors show that photoperiod controls seed size in multiple plant species. CONSTANS, the central regulator of photoperiod, directly represses the transcription of AP2, thereby controlling seed size in both Arabidopsis and soybean.

Itaconate is an immunomodulatory metabolite that has been reported to regulate tumorigenesis. Here, the authors show that macrophage-derived itaconate induces epigenetic-mediated CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion, promoting hepatocellular carcinoma development.

An artificial ligament replacement is made from aligned carbon nanotubes formed into hierarchical helical fibres with nanometre and micrometre channels which are demonstrated for the replacement of anterior cruciate ligaments in both rabbit and ovine models, showing strong integration and functional recovery.

Gene modules are widespread and important for studying cancer. Here, authors propose an explainable deep learning-based framework, CGMega, which incorporates multi-omics information from the three-dimensional genome, epigenome, and protein-protein interactions to dissect cancer gene modules.

TAD hierarchy demonstrates cell-to-cell variability, leading to the development of numerous callers. Here, authors present a comprehensive benchmark of TAD hierarchy callers and introduce the ‘air conditioner’ model to illustrate TAD hierarchy’s role in transcription.

The tumour suppressor complex BRCA1–BARD1, which facilitates the generation of a single-stranded DNA template during homologous recombination, also binds to the recombinase RAD51 and enhances its function.

The timing of measles vaccination in infants affects the risk of infection in young children and the duration of protection provided. Here, the authors investigate optimal vaccination timing by characterising antibody kinetics following different vaccine schedules in two cohorts of children in southern China.

Aberrant alternative splicing has been shown to contribute to the tumorigenic processes. Here, the authors show that MTR4 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and has a role in tumorigenesis through the modulation of the splicing of glycolytic genes PKM2 and GLUT1.

Apoptotic and lytic cell death pathways are both utilised in the removal of damaged cells; however, the downstream inflammatory outcomes widely vary according to the chosen pathway. Here authors show that in mice with genetic deletion of Gasdermin E specifically in neutrophils, these cells undergo apoptosis rather than pyroptotic cell death upon senescence, with consequential attenuation of reactive inflammatory responses.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has quickly become the predominant circulating variant, due to the high transmissibility and immune escape. Here, the authors develop a trimeric protein vaccine candidate and show a sustained humoral immune response, and protection from challenge (Omicron and Delta) in various animal models.