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A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

The conventional focus on pore size distribution overlooks the role of surface charge homogeneity in ion separation by polymeric membranes. This study proposes a surface charge engineering strategy for fabricating highly ion-selective membranes.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

Selective chemical upcycling of polyolefin mixtures remains challenging due to the structural similarity of their backbones. Now it has been shown that a single-site nickel catalyst can preferentially and efficiently cleave branched C–C bonds, enabling the hydrogenolytic separation of isotactic polypropylene from mixtures containing both isotactic polypropylene and polyethylene.

The recent advances in defect engineering of perovskites involving non-destructive ion-substitution mechanisms have shown great promise when it comes to fine-tuning the bandgap of blue light-emitting perovskites. This S_N2-like mechanism is highlighted and discussed here.

Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

Galectins play vital roles in cellular functions, yet their unconventional secretion mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, Zhang et al. report that ATG9A vesicles, typically linked to autophagy, serve as carriers for galectin-9 secretion.

The discovery of 2023 KQ₁₄, a Sedna-like object with a perihelion of 66 au, fills a gap in the known population. Its orbit does not align with other Sedna-like objects, shedding light on the diversity and dynamical history of the outer Solar System.

The transcription factor CREM is a pivotal regulator of NK cell function, making CREM a valuable target to increase the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies based on this cell population and chimeric antigen receptors.

The zoonotic parasite Toxoplasma has complex developmental programs to accommodate different lifestyles that are important for parasite transmission and pathogenesis. Here, the authors discover a novel chromatin remodeling complex containing SNF2L in Toxoplasma and report its crucial roles in regulating the parasite’s developmental programs.

Developing depolymerizable and recyclable polymers with high light-emitting efficiencies is of vital importance for sustainable photonic technologies, but remains challenging. Here the authors design a strategy to develop such polymers based on the use of controllable cleavable moiety.

An open resource comprising chest computed tomography images and 130 clinical features of 1,521 patients with pneumonia, including COVID-19 pneumonia, facilitates the prediction of morbidity and mortality outcomes via deep learning.

In some contexts, rapid detection of COVID-19 from CT scans can be crucial for optimal patient management. Here, the authors present a Deep Learning system for this task with multi-center data, human reader comparison and age stratified results.

Dendrite growth harms the safety and longevity of Li-ion batteries. Here, authors find that short-term relaxation after lithium plating boosts capacity retention by forming a beneficial solid electrolyte interphase and smoothing morphologies, providing an approach for safe and long-life batteries.

The strong scattering of biological tissue causes challenges when monitoring temperature changes at the microscale. Here, the authors propose a nanothermometer based on lanthanide luminescence, enabling minimally invasive imaging of the cerebrovascular system of mice at nearly 200 μm resolution.

Catalytic and enantioselective construction of chiral α,α-dialkyl indoles represents an important yet challenging objective to be developed. Herein the authors describe a cobalt catalyzed enantioselective anti-Markovnikov alkene hydroalkylation via the remote stereocontrol for the synthesis of α,α-dialkyl indoles and other N-heterocycles.

Optimized surface passivation deterministically enhances near-surface quantum dots’ resonance fluorescence from disappearance to improved emission.

The application of quantum computing to computational chemistry faces various experimental and theoretical challenges. Now, a quantum simulation on a noisy quantum device has achieved chemical accuracy for small H₂ and LiH molecules.

Ethylene glycol is commercially produced from ethylene under energy-intensive thermocatalytic conditions. Now a cascade electrochemical heterogeneous system can produce ethylene glycol from ethylene or from CO₂ under ambient conditions using electrocatalytically generated H₂O₂ and an integrated catalyst/solid-acid composite.

Efficient metabolic regulation is key for parasite growth. Here, the authors report that Toxoplasma alters its AMPK phosphorylation during the lytic cycle, which reprograms parasite’s metabolism to ensure metabolic needs at different stages are met.

ISSAAC-seq offers a sensitive and modular tool for joint profiling gene expression and chromatin accessibility in single cells.

Fu, Mackowiak et al. show that cooperative action of the liver and the gut, rather than the liver alone, drives acetaldehyde clearance after alcohol consumption and modulates drinking behaviour.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the leading cause of low back pain and Nucleus pulposus cell senescence contributes a lot to its progression. Here, the authors reveal WTAP-mediated m6A modification of lncRNA NORAD promotes IVDD.

Development of a dual-mode device for driving humanoid robot.

Robust hydrogels offer a promising solution for the development of artificial skin for bionic robots, yet few hydrogels have a comprehensive performance comparable to real human skin. Here, the authors present a general method to convert traditional elastomers into tough hydrogels via a unique radiation-induced penetrating polymerization method.

A direct search for effective electromagnetic interactions between dark matter and xenon nuclei that produce a recoil of the latter is carried out and the first constraint on charge radius of dark matter is derived.

Photoelectrochemical systems based on haematite photoanodes have mainly been explored in the context of solar fuels, but their synthetic utility remain largely unexplored. Here α-Fe₂O₃ is employed as a catalyst for the oxidation of different organic compounds and inorganic anions using water as the oxidant in a photoelectrochemical cell.

Alkene epoxidation, whose products are important intermediates for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and epoxy resins, has attracted extensive attention. Unlike the conventional electrochemical Br⁻/Br₂-mediated epoxidation, here the authors report a photoelectrochemical Br⁻/BrO⁻- mediated system to achieve efficient epoxidation performance on α-Fe₂O₃.

Miniaturized energy storage devices integrated with wireless charging bring opportunities for next generation electronics. Here, authors report seamlessly integrated wireless charging micro-supercapacitors with high energy density capable of driving a model electrical car.

The ASAP4 family of genetically encoded voltage indicators allows recording of action potentials and subthreshold activity with either one- or two-photon microscopy over extended periods of time.

The exclusion of cytotoxic T cells remains an important barrier to the efficacy of immunotherapies. Here the authors demonstrate that the combination anti-fibrosis agents and immune-enhanced cytokines can enhance T cell infiltration in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer.

In considering Asian monsoon intensity and precipitation during glacial-interglacial transitions in Chinese Loess Plateau, a new study finds that brGDGT-DLNN method can significantly extend the temporal scale record of the EASM and is not restricted by geographic location compared with stalagmite records.

Failure of conventional clinical therapies such as tumor resection and chemotherapy are mainly due to the ineffective control of tumor metastasis. Here, the authors show that a systemic metastasis-targeted nanotherapeutic may offer a powerful adjunct therapy for suppressing tumor metastasis.