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Yang et al. uncover the molecular details of how mitochondrial proteins cross the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, with hydrophobicity guiding them into distinct pathways toward specific destinations.

Osteoporosis was revealed to pyroptosis-related inflammation. Here, the authors show multifunctional microsphere can retard osteoporosis by restoring bone homeostasis thorough pyroptosis blockade and hydrogen-mediated modulation of inflammation.

The authors propose a method for high-capacity information encoding and long-distance image transmission by utilising Hermite-Gaussian eigenmodes in defective states. The enables the generation over 10ⁿ varying laser states for encoding, or an information capacity of tens of bits.

Conventional entrapped ¹²⁹Xe with low signal intensity limits in vivo applications. Here, the authors developed a MOF-based reporter that enhances signal intensity, achieves femtomolar detection, and enables chemical shift-encoded MRI in rat lungs.

Two impact-melt fragments in Chang’e-6 lunar soils reveal that the Apollo basin was formed at ~4.16 Ga, implying a non-cataclysmic late heavy bombardment on the Moon between 3.8 and 4.0 Ga.

BPAN is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by WDR45 mutations. Here, the authors discover that WDR45 can competitively displace G3BP1 from Caprin-1 to promote stress granule disassembly, a function that is disrupted by BPAN-associated WDR45 mutations.

Liu et al. developed a framework called ARNLE to explore host tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and found a shift from weak to strong primate tropism. Key mutations involved in this shift can be analysed to advance research on emerging viruses.

Early and accurate clinical assessment of disease severity in COVID-19 patients is essential for planning the allocation of scarce hospital resources. An explainable machine learning tool trained on blood sample data from 485 patients from Wuhan selected three biomarkers for predicting mortality of individual patients with high accuracy.

Simultaneous inhibition of LSD1 and GSK3 kinase promotes cell differentiation, providing a therapeutic strategy for treating acute myeloid leukaemia.

A sort-in-memory system that relies on digit reads on one-transistor–one-resistor memristor arrays can offer improved throughput, energy efficiency and area efficiency compared with conventional sorting systems.

The authors propose a matrix plainification strategy to eliminate lattice vacancies in the Cu2Se matrix of the Cu2Se/SnSe composites, resulting in obvious improvement in carrier mobility and power factor, obtaining a high figure of merit of 3.3.

Antiplatelet therapy is vital for coronary artery disease (CAD) management but hard to monitor effectively. Here, the authors show that comprehensive image-based profiling of circulating platelets can directly assess therapy efficacy and guide personalized treatment for CAD.

Han et al. report the design and characterization of a pressure-fused biomineral tablet for the long-acting sustained release of IL-2, promoting antitumor immune responses in preclinical models of melanoma.

The occupied anti-bonding states at the Fermi level in metavalently bonded systems stems from the interplay between metavalent bonds and the phase of orbitals. This provides a recipe for identifying superior dopants to improve the thermoelectric performance of metavalently bonded materials.

A thin elastic conductive nanocomposite that is formed by cryogenically transferring laser-induced graphene to a hydrogel film can be used to create multifunctional sensors for on-skin monitoring and cardiac patches for in vivo detection.

We find that leptin-target neurons expressing basonuclin 2 in the arcuate nucleus that acutely suppress appetite by directly inhibiting agouti-related protein neurons are a key component of the neural circuit that maintains energy balance.

The paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) exerts an indispensable role in body weight control. Here, authors demonstrate the role of PVH RUVBL2 in suppressing food intake and reveal two anorexigenic circuits of PVHRUVBL2 → ARCPOMC and PVHRUVBL2 → DMH.

Using a large multisite dataset of people with major depressive disorder and healthy controls, the authors show global brain connectivity alterations in the sensorimotor, visual, and default mode networks.

Here, the authors show that GalNAc-T3 and T7 regulate furin cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via O-glycosylation. This influences viral assembly and infection, highlighting glycosylation as a host defense mechanism.

Driving comfort in autonomous vehicles is crucial but often overlooked in global path planning. Here, authors developed a model using multi-head attention and XGBoost to predict driving comfort from road information, reducing jerk by 15% and improving comfort scores by 13% in real vehicle tests.

Radiotherapy is an important part of glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, but patient outcomes are often limited by resistance. Here, the authors identify a role for IFI16 in the promotion of a cellular senescence-like phenotype, inhibiting ferroptosis and driving radioresistance which can be overcome with Glyburide in preclinical GBM models.

Adding nanobodies into DNA computing has proven difficult due to there always on state. Here, the authors propose a spatial segregation-based molecular computing strategy to program nanobodies into DNA molecular computation and elucidate the kinetic mechanism of microenvironment-confined DNA molecular computation.

Reductive deuteration and deuterodefluorination of arenes and heteroarenes is achieved through a scalable and general electrocatalytic method using a nitrogen-doped ruthenium electrode and heavy water.

An artificial intelligence model defines a data-driven set of total parenteral nutrition compositions to assist clinicians in personalized treatment of neonates in intensive care and is able to adapt recommendations to patient status, with validation from large external cohorts and a blinded reader study.

The role of dairy products in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention is debated. Here, the authors show that dairy consumption is associated with a lower risk of CVD and stroke, with cheese linked to reduced CVD risk, though the effects vary between Chinese and UK populations.

Here, the authors solve structures of human DHHC9 with accessory protein GCP16 and their yeast counterpart Erf2–Erf4. The work provides insights into regulation of Ras proteins by palmitoylation, showing that accessory proteins are not involved in catalysis.

H₂ energy as an alternative to fossil fuels requires cost-effective catalysts with fast kinetics for splitting water. Here, authors design MoS₂ materials with di-anionic surfaces to improve the electrocatalytic H₂ evolution activities.

Large-scale ammonia synthesis is crucial in modern society. Here, the authors present first principles based kinetic Monte Carlo simulations that reveal how the ammonia synthesis reaction can be enhanced over Ru nanoparticles.

Here the authors report structural and biochemical analyses of the mitochondrial TOM–TIM23 supercomplex, providing insights into how the substrates are transported through the outer and inner membranes.

Using cryo-electron microscopy, the authors report the structures of G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor–G_s complexes and reveal the structural basis of bile acid recognition.

Red-emitting perovskite LEDs were fabricated by stabilizing their octahedral structure with a ligand to yield devices with enhanced efficiency, spectral stability and lifetime.

Currently, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury lacks ideal diagnostic markers and effective therapeutic targets. Here, the authors show exosomal circEZH2_005 is an intestinal injury biomarker and protects the intestine from ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting crypt cell proliferation via affecting hnRNPA1- mediated Gprc5a stability.

Biocatalytic methods to access thioesters, such as acyl-coenzyme A, from carboxylic acids are underdeveloped. Now, it is shown that the adenylation domain of a carboxylic acid reductase enzyme can be exploited as a promiscuous thioester synthetase and combination with acyltransferases facilitates the synthesis of amides and peptide labelling.

In addition to activation of locomotor circuits, navigation also requires regulation of arousal and spatial memory processes. Here the authors identify neuromedin B neurons in the nucleus incertus and their subcortical projections in controlling these various processes during navigation.

A wireless optoelectronic probe integrates a microscale light-emitting diode and a photodetector coated with oxygen-sensitive dyes to monitor the partial pressure of oxygen in the deep brain of freely moving mice.