Profile
The Nature Index tracks primary research articles from 178 applied, health, natural and social sciences journals, across many different publishers, chosen by an independent group of researchers. The Nature Index provides absolute Count of primary research articles and fractional Share counts of author contribution to articles. The positions in the table below reflect Pakistan's position overall, regionally, and in subject areas based on their Share. Each position links to the corresponding table where Pakistan is listed.
Position by research output Share
Position by research output Share in subject areas
Research
Pakistan has the following research output in the current window (1 May 2025 - 30 April 2026) of the Nature Index. Click on Count to view a list of articles representing the corresponding Share value.
Overall research output
| Count | Share | |
|---|---|---|
| Overall | 379 | 69.90 |
Overall Count and Share for 'Pakistan' based on the 12-month time frame mentioned above.
Research outputs by subject area
Note: Hover over the donut graph to view the Share for each subject.
Leading research topics
In the Current Index (12-month rolling window), Pakistan published the most articles in these research topics. Learn more about Nature Research Intelligence Topics.
| Topics | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Astronomical Sciences | 56 | 23.06 |
| Chemical Engineering | 17 | 4.07 |
| Mechanical Engineering | 8 | 3.66 |
| Particle and High Energy Physics | 93 | 2.83 |
| Banking, Finance and Investment | 7 | 2.51 |
| Electrical Engineering | 10 | 2.49 |
| Environmental Management | 10 | 2.24 |
| Urban and Regional Planning | 4 | 1.70 |
| Clinical Sciences | 17 | 1.66 |
Share output for the past 5 years
| Subject area or journal group | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 27 | 33 | 41 | 108 | 75 |
| Applied sciences | 1 | 2 | 4 | 39 | 18 |
| Health sciences | 1 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 11 |
| Natural sciences | 24 | 25 | 33 | 45 | 38 |
| Biological sciences | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 |
| Chemistry | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| Earth & environmental sciences | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 6 |
| Physical sciences | 20 | 23 | 29 | 25 | 25 |
| Social sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 9 |
| Nature & Science | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Country/territory benchmarking
Turn complex research questions into confident strategic decisions
When you're under pressure to set direction, justify investment, or understand your competitive position, you need more than raw data — you need trusted insights you can act on.
Benchmark your performance against global peers using robust, methodologically sound analysis.
Combine quantitative metrics with qualitative expert insight to uncover strengths, gaps and emerging opportunities.
Gain tailored, decision-ready recommendations aligned to your strategic priorities.
Talk to us to learn more about our data dashboards and bespoke strategy reports.
Grow research skills, confidence and careers with training built for every stage of the research lifecycle.
Developed with Nature Portfolio journal Editors and internationally renowned experts. Discover three ways to learn:
Self-paced, online courses in convenient bite-sized units, covering key skills across scientific writing, publishing, grant writing, data analysis, and more.
Expert trainer-led workshops with hands-on exercises and real-time feedback across core research skills, delivered via interactive group sessions.
Editor-led workshops combining core principles in writing and publishing, personalised 1:1 feedback from Nature Portfolio Editors and hands-on exercises.
Explore course catalogues and workshop agendas, enquire about the options or request institutional pricing.
Collaboration
In many cases, the highest quality science comes from collaborating. Nature Index collaborations highlight fruitful collaborations that lead to high quality research around the world. The table and charts below highlight the leading collaborators with Pakistan.
Collaboration by percentage of Share
Note: Hover over the graph to view collaboration by percentage of Share.
Top 10 collaborators with Pakistan by Share
Note: Hover over the bars to view details about each institution's Share.
| Collaborating country/territory | Collaborators' Share | Collaboration Score |
|---|---|---|
| China | 22.58 / 109.93 | 132.51 |
| United States of America (USA) | 8.07 / 36.60 | 44.67 |
| Saudi Arabia | 15.16 / 13.93 | 29.09 |
| United Kingdom (UK) | 8.52 / 14.84 | 23.36 |
| Azerbaijan | 11.50 / 3.49 | 14.99 |
| Uzbekistan | 4.03 / 4.88 | 8.91 |
| Ecuador | 0.76 / 2.52 | 3.28 |
| Kuwait | 1.33 / 1.07 | 2.40 |
| Andorra | 0.25 / 0.22 | 0.46 |
View historical country/territory collaboration
Top 10 institutions from Pakistan by Share
| Institution | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1. University of the Punjab | 66 | 6.40 |
| 2. National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) | 23 | 4.53 |
| 3. University of Lahore (UOL) | 20 | 4.37 |
| 4. Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU) | 67 | 4.11 |
| 5. COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI) | 60 | 4.02 |
| 6. University of Engineering and Technology - Lahore (UET Lahore) | 15 | 2.99 |
| 7. University of Management and Technology (UMT) | 18 | 2.55 |
| 8. Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) | 9 | 2.26 |
| 9. National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES) | 3 | 1.83 |
| 10. University of Education | 6 | 1.65 |
Latest supplements
Nature Index 2026 Nanoscience and nanotechnology
From programmable RNA architectures to next-generation materials for energy and healthcare, researchers are harnessing the unusual properties of the nanoscale to tackle some of society's biggest challenges. This supplement explores the discoveries that are driving the field, the hurdles that remain and the institutions that are leading in nanoscience and nanotechnology research.
Nature Index 2026 Chemistry
Chemistry research is undergoing a period of transformation, driven by new technologies and mounting environmental pressures. In this supplement, we explore the trends behind China’s extraordinary rise in chemistry output, and why efforts to curb the use of PFASs are accelerating worldwide. We also look at the innovations that could redefine how chemicals are designed, produced and recycled.
Numerical information only (in the tables above) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International.