2022 Research Leaders: Leading institutions in biological sciences

The 2022 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021.

Table criteria

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Position Institution Share 2020 Share 2021 Count 2021 Change in Share 2020–2021
1 Harvard University, United States of America (USA) 248.67 241.78 673
-2.8%
2 Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China 247.48 237.24 784
-4.1%
3 Max Planck Society, Germany 183.31 182.43 588
-0.5%
4 Stanford University, United States of America (USA) 153.72 136.14 306
-11.4%
5 National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States of America (USA) 119.62 127.20 301
6.3%
6 French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France 112.82 110.85 792
-1.8%
7 University of Oxford, United Kingdom (UK) 105.68 102.96 299
-2.6%
8 University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK) 95.33 100.44 315
5.4%
9 Yale University, United States of America (USA) 85.55 85.65 218
0.1%
10 University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego), United States of America (USA) 83.34 82.67 234
-0.8%
11 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States of America (USA) 90.10 81.27 356
-9.8%
12 University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), United States of America (USA) 92.81 77.08 213
-17.0%
13 Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Germany 80.97 76.86 404
-5.1%
14 Cornell University, United States of America (USA) 69.60 75.67 226
8.7%
15 Peking University (PKU), China 55.80 73.34 268
31.4%
16 University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), United States of America (USA) 71.09 73.04 201
2.7%
17 University of Washington (UW), United States of America (USA) 67.34 72.89 233
8.2%
18 University of Pennsylvania (Penn), United States of America (USA) 69.70 69.51 185
-0.3%
19 University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States of America (USA) 65.72 67.69 215
3.0%
20 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Switzerland 49.26 66.68 193
35.4%
21 University of Michigan (U-M), United States of America (USA) 91.16 65.23 160
-28.5%
22 New York University (NYU), United States of America (USA) 60.99 65.01 157
6.6%
23 Columbia University in the City of New York (CU), United States of America (USA) 73.00 64.85 213
-11.2%
24 University of Toronto (U of T), Canada 69.28 62.88 170
-9.2%
25 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), China 50.01 62.16 370
24.3%
26 Tsinghua University, China 51.59 60.25 215
16.8%
27 The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Japan 59.78 59.96 178
0.3%
28 Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL), United States of America (USA) 60.15 59.53 170
-1.0%
29 Northwestern University (NU), United States of America (USA) 54.74 57.93 116
5.8%
30 Johns Hopkins University (JHU), United States of America (USA) 80.30 56.29 162
-29.9%
31 Fudan University, China 31.36 56.02 152
78.7%
32 The University of Chicago (UChicago), United States of America (USA) 53.57 55.82 142
4.2%
33 Zhejiang University (ZJU), China 43.42 55.33 132
27.4%
34 The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT Southwestern Medical Center), United States of America (USA) 47.80 54.59 98
14.2%
35 Duke University, United States of America (USA) 64.51 54.31 169
-15.8%
36 Princeton University, United States of America (USA) 49.39 53.47 126
8.3%
37 University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark 43.54 52.73 204
21.1%
38 The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia 47.85 51.21 143
7.0%
39 Nanjing University (NJU), China 40.01 50.26 106
25.6%
40 University of California, Davis (UC Davis), United States of America (USA) 61.62 49.46 151
-19.7%
41 University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), United States of America (USA) 56.68 49.05 119
-13.5%
42 UCL, United Kingdom (UK) 45.39 48.57 188
7.0%
43 Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain 43.40 45.34 226
4.5%
44 The University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada 33.52 44.56 121
33.0%
45 Imperial College London (ICL), United Kingdom (UK) 38.95 43.25 142
11.0%
46 Vanderbilt University (VU), United States of America (USA) 45.90 42.69 94
-7.0%
47 The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), United States of America (USA) 37.70 42.32 98
12.3%
48 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), United States of America (USA) 41.94 42.11 125
0.4%
49 Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), China 41.04 42.08 154
2.5%
50 Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Germany 40.88 41.37 145
1.2%
51 Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), China 25.16 40.97 110
62.8%
52 Weizmann Institute of Science (WIS), Israel 31.97 39.16 82
22.5%
53 University of Minnesota (UMN), United States of America (USA) 33.43 38.56 110
15.3%
54 McGill University, Canada 38.39 38.45 112
0.2%
55 University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland 34.39 37.83 155
10.0%
56 The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (UK) 44.26 37.64 129
-15.0%
57 California Institute of Technology (Caltech), United States of America (USA) 35.03 37.49 87
7.0%
58 Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), United States of America (USA) 28.72 36.38 119
26.7%
59 UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), United Kingdom (UK) 41.89 35.56 146
-15.1%
60 Wuhan University (WHU), China 29.60 35.37 61
19.5%
61 University of Florida (UF), United States of America (USA) 23.82 34.95 110
46.7%
62 Leibniz Association, Germany 37.74 34.92 211
-7.5%
63 National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), France 36.57 34.85 351
-4.7%
64 University of Southern California (USC), United States of America (USA) 30.45 34.84 115
14.4%
65 The Rockefeller University, United States of America (USA) 34.24 34.81 106
1.7%
66 Karolinska Institute (KI), Sweden 27.53 34.60 148
25.7%
67 Kyoto University, Japan 29.62 33.12 98
11.8%
68 University of Bristol (UoB), United Kingdom (UK) 32.42 32.89 115
1.5%
69 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), United States of America (USA) 39.91 32.56 94
-18.4%
70 Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI), Israel 22.93 32.09 66
39.9%
71 Indiana University (IU), United States of America (USA) 29.45 31.14 81
5.7%
72 RIKEN, Japan 35.65 30.96 124
-13.2%
73 University of Basel (UB), Switzerland 29.75 30.77 93
3.4%
74 Hunan University (HNU), China 33.81 30.69 41
-9.2%
75 The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), United States of America (USA) 35.11 30.26 97
-13.8%
76 University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland 24.25 29.45 99
21.4%
77 Utrecht University (UU), Netherlands 29.51 29.34 116
-0.6%
78 National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 35.04 28.99 112
-17.3%
79 University of Pittsburgh (Pitt), United States of America (USA) 44.13 28.92 82
-34.5%
80 The University of Utah (Utah), United States of America (USA) 32.75 28.61 76
-12.6%
81 University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China 32.66 28.30 107
-13.3%
82 University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland 26.84 27.42 67
2.2%
83 University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (UMass Chan Medical School), United States of America (USA) 26.39 27.23 85
3.2%
84 Seoul National University (SNU), South Korea 26.47 27.12 56
2.5%
85 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland 24.71 26.83 89
8.6%
86 European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Germany 31.13 26.82 125
-13.8%
87 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (RU), United States of America (USA) 37.97 26.80 89
-29.4%
88 Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS), United States of America (USA) 23.35 26.55 117
13.7%
89 University of California, Riverside (UCR), United States of America (USA) 28.05 26.34 70
-6.1%
90 The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom (UK) 23.45 25.24 70
7.6%
91 The University of Osaka (UOsaka), Japan 29.10 25.09 74
-13.8%
92 Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium 18.87 25.01 77
32.5%
93 Scripps Research, United States of America (USA) 26.39 25.00 60
-5.3%
94 University of Freiburg (Uni Freiburg), Germany 20.17 24.90 62
23.5%
95 Nankai University (NKU), China 15.75 24.80 59
57.5%
96 University of Virginia (UVA), United States of America (USA) 22.53 24.74 64
9.8%
97 John Innes Centre (JIC), United Kingdom (UK) 17.36 24.67 60
42.1%
98 University of Göttingen, Germany 18.69 24.27 91
29.8%
99 Monash University, Australia 17.58 24.17 82
37.5%
100 University of Tübingen (Uni Tübingen), Germany 21.56 24.12 95
11.9%
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Footnote

Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note:

  1. The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences only and outputs are non-normalized (that is, they don’t reflect the size of the country or institution, or its overall research output).
  2. The Nature Index is one indicator of institutional research performance. The metrics of Count and Share used to order Nature Index listings are based on an institution’s or country/territory’s publication output in 82 high-quality natural science publications. The publications were chosen by an independent group of researchers. The list is reviewed periodically and journals may be removed or added.
  3. Nature Index recognizes that many other factors must be taken into account when considering research quality and institutional performance; Nature Index metrics alone should not be used to assess institutions or individuals.
  4. Nature Index data and methods are transparent and the data in the above table is published under a creative commons licence at nature.com/nature-index/.
  5. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The Nature Index database undergoes regular updating, corrections, adjustment of institutional hierarchies, and removal of retracted papers and thus the live website can differ from the research leaders tables.

Research Leaders tables from previous years are also updated annually to reflect any changes to the database. This means rankings and metrics may differ from the table when first released.


Numerical information only (in the tables above) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International.