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By combining satellite observations with ground-based data and expert validation, this analysis demonstrates considerable misestimation of grassland extent and thereby carbon stock estimates in previous global assessments based on remote sensing.

Zhu et al. combine neonatal and twin imaging to unveil innate functional connectivity patterns in the temporal pole, a hub region for semantic memory. These patterns are present in neonates, heritable, and linked to semantic functions in adults.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Activators of K_Ca2.2 channels constitute potential novel treatments for neurologic disorders. Here, authors report cryo-EM structures of activator-bound channels, providing a framework for structure-based drug design targeting K_Ca2.2 channels.

Calcium imaging of taste neurons and the ventral brain provides insight into evolutionary divergence of food choice in Drosophila species, supporting a role of sensorimotor processing in addition to peripheral receptor changes.

Social norms approaches are widely applied in health promotion. This pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs using social norms messaging in developed countries aimed to evaluate their effectiveness for changing health behaviours. An initial small effect disappeared when controlling for publication bias.

The role of the complement system (CS) - part of the immune system - in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains underexplored. Here, the authors evaluate the association of genetic variants in CS-related genes with PDAC risk, and explore their potential role in prognosis and immune infiltration.

Using short magnetic pulses, neuroscientists are reaching into the human skull and temporarily altering volunteers' brain activity. Marina Chicurel takes an induction course.

Across 13 longitudinal studies (3,737 adults), the authors show that brain atrophy parallels memory loss, with a stronger coupling in later life. APOE ε4 increases decline, yet genetic risk does not modify the brain–memory relationship.

Single cell transcriptomics can be used to identify genes associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and computational models can be used to identify gene networks. Here the authors identify networks of dysregulated genes in T2D and the biological processes involved, further demonstrating the functional context of the identified genes.

In the midst of resurging COVID-19 cases, the second NIH/FDA virtual COVID-19 and Cytokines symposium was held on 1 December 2020, focusing on longitudinal studies of COVID-19 immunity, including long-term consequences, potential associations with autoimmunity and the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited gastrointestinal syndrome associated with duodenal adenoma formation. Here the authors show that IL17A-producing NKp44- group 3 innate lymphoid cells accumulate in FAP duodenal tissue and are associated with duodenal adenoma formation in patients with FAP.

HistoPlexer, a deep learning model, generates multiplexed protein expression maps from H&E images, capturing tumour–immune cell interactions. It outperforms baselines, enhances immune subtyping and survival prediction and offers a cost-effective tool for precision oncology.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

Early- and late-onset preeclampsia pose serious maternal-fetal risks, yet non-invasive early prediction remains challenging. Here, the authors show that cfRNA signatures reveal distinct decidual and multiorgan signals, enabling accurate, externally validated prediction of both subtypes.

This study investigates the developmental transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial quality control. Authors identify the Drosophila factor Mirana, homologous to mammalian TZAP, as a key temporal regulator of mitochondrial morphology and function, critical for activity-dependent synaptic connectivity.

Here the authors apply machine learning approaches to Alzheimer’s genetics, confirm known associations and suggest novel risk loci. These methods demonstrate predictive power comparable to traditional approaches, while also offering potential new insights beyond standard genetic analyses.

Seismologists have long striven to understand the Earth's inner core, but the required seismic-wave observations are experimentally very difficult. Now Wookey and Helffrich report two observations of an inner-core shear-wave phase ('PKJKP'), and derive constraints on inner-core properties.

In a large cross-national study, education was linked to better memory and larger brain volumes but not to slower cognitive or brain decline with age, suggesting that the association reflects early-life factors rather than neuroprotective effects in aging.

Joyce, Pascual et al. identify luminal progenitors as likely cells-of-origin in BRCA2-mutant breast cancer, exhibiting dysregulated proteostasis and translation, which may be therapeutically targeted via mTORC1 inhibition.

The molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in relapsed or refractory (rr) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain to be explored. Here, the use of bulk and single cell multi-omics and ex vivo drug profiling for 21 rrAML patients reveals mechanisms of resistance to the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax and treatment vulnerabilities.

π-magnetism in graphene systems has been predicted but remains an experimental challenge. Here the authors report the discovery of unpaired electron spins localized in certain sites of graphene nanoribbons, and the measurement of their coupling by inducing singlet-triplet excitations with a scanning tunneling microscope.

Assessing human embryos is crucial for in vitro fertilization, a task being revolutionized by artificial intelligence. Here, the authors introduce BELA, an automated AI model for predicting embryo ploidy status and quality using time-lapse imaging.

Bacterial communities are vital for ecosystem services, but their dynamics and functioning are challenging to predict. This study shows that community dynamics are reproducible, but small initial compositional differences can lead to divergent functional outcomes, highlighting key constraints on predictability.

This work identified immune signatures of COVID-19 including broad Interferon signatures that are unique to infants. Compared with infected adults, infants display similar Interferon signatures in monocytes but enhanced signatures in T and B cells.

Prevent ‘equity washing’ by making research collaborations with level partnerships.

Non-native species may pose a threat not only to native biodiversity, but also to the provision of ecosystem services. Here, the authors quantify the potential impact of invasive species on a set of ecosystem services across Europe.

A comparison of alpha diversity (number of plant species) and dark diversity (species that are currently absent from a site despite being ecologically suitable) demonstrates the negative effects of regional-scale anthropogenic activity on plant diversity.

The limited infiltration and migration of T cells in the brain can hinder the success of immune checkpoint blockade in glioblastoma (GBM). Here the authors show that an adeno-associated virus-based gene therapy for the intratumor delivery of CXCL9 promotes T cell infiltration and enhances response to anti-PD1 in GBM preclinical models.

Mosquito salivary glands and malaria parasites exhibit daily rhythms, which impact blood feeding and sporozoite gene expression.

Precise control of charge and spin states in quantum dots is often challenging. Here, the authors show systematic manipulation of the electron occupation in graphene nanoribbons laying on MgO.