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Agricultural irrigation is energy intensive and a key source of carbon emissions. This study shows that aligning irrigation schedules with renewable energy availability can cut emissions, ease grid load and use surplus clean power. Using China as a case study, it demonstrates a scalable, low-carbon strategy that maintains crop productivity while supporting the energy transition.

Thorough genetic analyses by four laboratories reinforce the central role of the protein kinase BIK1 in plant immunity. Other unrelated functions proposed for BIK1, however, are associated with genome rearrangement in a single transfer DNA mutant.

This study develops a nonstoichiometric covalent organic framework photocatalyst for efficient sacrificial hydrogen production from water, excelling in light absorption, charge separation, and low hydrogen-binding carbonyl sites.

Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) drive relapse and therapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, the authors show that increasing the stiffness of LSCs reduces their stemness and enhances their susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated immunotherapy in AML.

Inspired by the regenerative capacity of deer antlers, Hao and colleagues report that antler blastema progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicle treatment counteracts bone loss and epigenetic aging and is neuroprotective in mice and macaques.

This study demonstrates that ABHD10, a mitochondrial depalmitoylase, is indispensable for male fertility in mice. ABHD10 deficiency causes sperm motility defects by disrupting mitochondrial sheath formation and oxidative phosphorylation.

Climate change is expected to release carbon stored in permafrost soils. Sampling of sites across the Tibetan Plateau in the early 2000s and early 2010s reveals increased carbon stocks in shallow soils, which may offset losses from deeper soils.

Wheat powdery mildew resistance is typically controlled by single-gene-encoded resistance protein. Here, the authors report the cloning of powdery mildew resistance locus PmWR183 and show that it encodes two adjacent nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins originated from wild emmer wheat.

Reshaping of thiamine-dependent enzymes with ferrocene-mediated electrocatalysis can unlock an unnatural dynamic kinetic oxidation of α-branched aldehydes, providing new opportunities for making molecules.

The powdery mildew resistance of the MLIW170/PM26 locus, which originated from wild emmer wheat, is determined by a genetically linked atypical NLR gene pair, TdCNL1 and TdCNL5, with TdCNL1 encoding an atypical nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein integrating a potassium-dependent sodium-calcium exchanger domain.

Minimizing the non-radiative energy loss without sacrificing the charge collection efficiency is the key to improve the performance of organic solar cells. Here, the authors develop hybrid side chain-based asymmetric small molecule acceptors and achieve maximum power conversion efficiency of 19.76%.

Powdery mildew is a fungal leaf disease that reduces yield and grain quality in susceptible wheat varieties. Here, the authors report the cloning of the wild emmer wheat originated powdery mildew resistance gene Pm36 as a membrane associated tandem kinase and its possible resistance mechanism.

Enveloped viruses encased within a lipid bilayer membrane are highly contagious and cause diseases like influenza and COVID-19, so strategies for their prevention and inactivation are needed. Here, the authors develop a diatomic iron nanozyme with lipoxidase-like activity for the inactivation of enveloped viruses, where the diatomic iron sites destroy the viral envelope via lipid peroxidation.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is an important but not exclusive proinflammatory mediator in macrophages. Here authors show that IFN-γ-independent macrophage autoactivation involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which in turn induces the GTP-binding protein Septin2 to limit inflammation via a negative feedback loop.

The molecular mechanism underlying how lithocholic acid recapitulates the lifespan and healthspan benefits of calorie restriction is revealed to involve TULP3, sirtuins, v-ATPase and AMPK.

Fang et al. show that EAT-17 and BICD-1 function in the endocytic degradation pathway to suppress excessive dendrite branching, via down-regulating the level of SAX-7, a dendrite branching ligand, on the C. elegans epidermal plasma membranes.

The mechanisms allowing early disseminated cancer cells colonize other tissues remain largely unknown. Here, authors show that GPRC5A axis drives esophageal squamous cell carcinoma lung seeding and metastasis, in a mechanism resembling trophoblast behavior during embryo implantation.

Developing a new π-skeletal aromatic fused-ring for tuning material properties in organic electronics is still a challenge due to limited chemical approach. Here, the authors enrich the chemistry by synthesizing SiO-bridged ladder-type π-skeletons with enhanced planarity and deeper energy levels than CO-bridged counterpart.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a lethal human cancer with a poor 5-year overall survival rate. Here the authors perform an exome-wide analysis in a cohort of PDAC patients to identify three novel missense variants in PKN1, DOK2, and APOB genes, that are associated with PDAC risk.

In this work, the authors discovered that Panax species, the valuable medicinal plants, have evolved a two-component chemical defence system comprising a chloroplast-localized β-glucosidase and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol ginsenosides.

A general homogeneous hydrogen isotope labelling strategy for unactivated alkyl halides is reported. This approach overcomes the limited selectivity of traditional methods by combining bioinspired carbon–halogen activation and hydrogenation catalysis, enabling the selective and controlled synthesis of deuterium- and tritium-labelled drug molecules, which are crucial for drug discovery.

Analysis of 4,578 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates reveals the evolutionary history of the four tuberculosis genotypes in China, from emergence 1,000 years ago to expansion, population peaks and, more recently, dominance of the indigenous sublineage L2.3.

The design of oxide-metal interface for heterogeneous catalysis has been hampered by the limited fundamental understanding. Here, the authors demonstrate that the activities of cuprous oxide nanostructures for CO oxidation can be tuned via the oxide-metal (Cu2O/M, M = Pt, Ag, Au) interaction.

This study of Chinese endometrioid endometrial carcinomas describes the proteogenomic differences between early-onset and late-onset tumors, finding that SIGLEC10 mutation may contribute to tumorigenesis and progestin resistance in early cases.

Structural and functional characterization of H7-reactive monoclonal neutralizing antibodies from donors naturally infected with H7N9 influenza virus reveals overlapping epitopes around the receptor binding site of haemagglutinin and antigenic change in virus lineages isolated in 2013/14 versus 2016/17, indicating a need to update H7N9 vaccines.

A comprehensive analysis of brain somatic mosaicism across the neocortex demonstrates the origins and distribution patterns of cells within the human brain.

The policy of integrating potato as a staple of the diet in China has potential to improve food security. Here, it is shown that successful integration may also reduce total carbon–land–water impacts of staple crops in China by up to 25% by 2030.

Diverse cellular E3 ubiquitin ligase–degron pairs are used to generate live attenuated influenza vaccines. Attenuation and humoral, mucosal and cellular immune responses were characterized in mouse and ferret models.

A comprehensive variation map constructed by deep sequencing 1,904 accessions of weedy and cultivated broomcorn millet sheds light on the genetic architecture of agronomic traits during domestication.

A community computational challenge generates algorithms to predict activity of drug combinations.

Powdery mildew is a major threat to world wheat yields. Here the authors describe the map-based cloning of Pm24, a gain-of-function powdery mildew resistance allele that encodes a tandem kinase-pseudokinase protein with a deletion in a kinase domain that is endemic to certain wheat landraces.

O’Donnell and colleagues report that activation of the integrated stress response in non-small cell lung cancer cells by impairing heme production leads to enhanced PD-L1 translation in an eIF5B-dependent manner.

Brassica oleracea is plant species comprising economically important vegetable crops. Here, the authors report the draft genome sequence of B. oleracea and, through a comparative analysis with the closely related B. rapa, reveal insights into Brassicaevolution and divergence of interspecific genomes and intraspecific subgenomes.

Wang et al. generate a single nucleus-resolved transcriptomic atlas of primate adrenal aging, with which they demonstrate regional changes in adrenal aging, and establish the role of LDLR in impeding cholesterol uptake and DHEA-S production in aging.