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Self-assembled molecules improve perovskite solar cells but fail under ultraviolet light, limiting durability. Wang et al. designed a dual reinforced molecular layer with stronger interfacial anchoring and interlocked networks that resists ultraviolet damage and enables long-term stable devices.

The authors revealed that defective sulfation of a cholesterol-derived metabolite drives harmful lipid buildup in cartilage cells, while the sulfated form protects against osteoarthritis.

Glycolysis has long been considered a process restricted exclusively to the cytoplasm. Here, the authors show that a functional glycolytic pathway operates inside mitochondria to maintain organelle health, identifying the VWA8-PHB2-GRP75 complex as a critical regulator that offers a promising therapeutic target for mitochondrial diseases like retinitis pigmentosa.

The authors show that heat stress exposure rises faster with each additional fraction of a degree of warming across North America, meaning even small increases in warming can sharply raise dangerous heat, hot nights, and risks to people.

Alternative transcription start sites generate transcript diversity but are difficult to detect due to RNA degradation in 5’ scRNA-seq. Here, the authors present scATS, which corrects degradation to quantify TSS usage, improve cell clustering, and identify lung cancer-promoting TSS isoforms.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

Natural variation in the promoter of OsTPS8 contributes to differences in grain chalkiness and seed vigor between indica and japonica rice subspecies by altering trehalose-6-phosphate biosynthesis and α-amylase levels.

Researchers have found that extreme hot-wet weather in 2024 triggered a spike in ecosystem respiration, mainly in tropical non-forests, significantly reducing the year’s land carbon sink and pushing the atmospheric CO2 growth rate to a record high.

A programmable photonic quantum processor, Jiuzhang 4.0, incorporates 1,024 high-efficiency squeezed states into a hybrid spatial–temporal encoded 8,176-mode circuit.

The human LRP8 protein is a receptor for yellow fever viruses (YFVs). Knockdown of the mosquito orthologue reduces YFV infection in mosquitoes, whereas overexpression of human LRP8 aggravates YFV infection in mice. Purified LRP8 protein blocks YFV infection.

Neural mechanisms underlying social behavior are not fully understood. Here authors show two lateral septum neuron types in male mice that bidirectionally regulate social memory via distinct hippocampal-hypothalamic circuits.

The axon initial segment was known to receive GABAergic synaptic inputs. Yang et al. show that it can be excited directly via specialized ‘axonic spines’. These spines thus boost neuronal firing and act as a fast track to route circuit information.

Biochar-biofilm carrying Arthrobacter  D2 reduced antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors in less fertile Ultisol, whereas more fertile Mollisol showed community resilience, based on DNA-stable isotope probing of soil samples

Genomic epidemiology of 1,029 Streptococcus pyogenes emm1 and emm12 genome sequences collected between 1993 and 2024 in China reveals dominance of distinct lineages with mobile genetic element-encoded antibiotic resistance and virulence factor genes.

Presentation matters.

Pulmonary fibrosis involves chronic inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling but the contribution of neutrophils is unclear. Here the authors show that reverse-migrating neutrophils anchored in the lung extracellular matrix exacerbate fibrosis via ICAM1 and macrophage derived cathepsin C.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition and treatment options have limited efficacy. Here, by analysis clinical samples and employing preclinical models, the authors show that cGAMP levels are elevated in the plasma of patients with SLE and that loss of cGAS ameliorates symptoms in an imiquimod-induced lupus model. Importantly, they identify prasugel as a cGAS inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential.

Orbital hybridization and quantum confinement are used to realize Ising-like superconductivity in trilayers of gallium, which alone is probably not strongly enough spin–orbit coupled to host such superconductivity under high in-plane magnetic fields.

DeepDrugDiscovery is an AI-powered screening platform incorporating ADMET and blood–brain barrier penetrability predictions to successfully identify mTOR-independent autophagy enhancers that can cross the blood–brain barrier for Alzheimer’s disease therapy.

Adsorption of trace transition-metal cations endows common Ca/Mg-carbonates and phyllosilicates with catalytic activity for electrochemical CO2 reduction under planetary conditions, potentially promoting prebiotic chemistry and the origin of life.

Wu et al. identify circulating proteins associated with cardiovascular and neurological imaging traits and diseases, and validate GDF15 as a shared determinant of heart and brain pathologies in mice.

Lactylation of SOD1 at lysine in nucleus pulposus cells and aggravates intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in male rats.

Food loss and waste (FLW) is a major source of global GHG emissions, yet its drivers and mitigation potential remain understudied. By attributing FLW to techno-economic and misbehavioural drivers, this study shows misbehaviour dominates FLW emissions and offers substantial mitigation potential.

SERS analysis at higher temperatures, such as during photothermal processes, is challenging due to enhancement losses. Here, the authors demonstrate a heat-induced increase in SERS activity mechanistically attributed to assisted hot-hole transfer.

Ultrafast chiroptical signals are notoriously difficult to image in space and time simultaneously. Now, multiplexed off-axis holography, which encodes polarization information, enables ultrafast wide-field imaging of the transient optical activity, phase and absorption of samples.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps generally has a type 2 inflammatory eosinophilic profile but can have a treatment resistant neutrophilic phenotype. Here the authors characterise nasal polyps using single cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics and show granzyme K⁺CD8⁺ T cells associated with neutrophilic inflammation which promote release of neutrophilic chemoattractants from fibroblasts.

Five nuclear spins in silicon and the [[4, 2, 2]] code are used to demonstrate a universal logical gate set and to execute a variational quantum eigensolver computation of the ground-state energy of a water molecule.

Measurement-based quantum computing implements quantum algorithms by performing sequences of measurements on special classes of entangled states, such as cluster states. This approach has now been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Achieving CO oxidation at room temperature is significant for gas purification but remains challenging to perform. Here, the authors report design of graphene-isolated Pt from cobalt-nickel nanoparticles for efficiently catalytic CO oxidation in an oxygen-rich atmosphere.

The study provides observational evidence of energy transfer in space plasmas, showing hydrogen and helium ions interact differently with ion-scale waves. Despite helium’s low abundance, they show their interaction can excite electrostatic waves, facilitating energy transfer across scales and challenging traditional models.

Soil viruses may impact soil carbon cycle. Here, the authors use metagenomic analysis of contaminated soil and 13 C labeled microcosm incubation to show that the DNA viral community enhances microbial carbon fixation capacity via auxiliary metabolic genes.

This study presents an interfacial stress decoupling strategy using dithiol-based self-assembled layers enabling stable palladium hydrogen sensing, demonstrating wafer-scale device fabrication and seamless integration of a portable detection platform.

Fang and colleagues report the safety and clinical activity of hypoxia-responsive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells in CEA-positive solid tumors through intraperitoneal or intravenous infusion in a phase 1 trial.

Here the authors propose an evaporation-driven approach to print various nanomaterials on porous substrates, allowing for high-throughput roll-to-roll and spatially programmable fabrication of functional nanomaterial films.

Major depressive disorder involves disrupted molecular polarity homeostasis, with conventional antidepressants hindered by delayed onset and drug resistance. Here, the authors engineered near-infrared-responsive IC@His-ICG nanomotors for photochemical polarity switching, achieving targeted hippocampal neuromodulation in rodents to restore monoamine balance and relieve depression/anxiety.

Ruan and colleagues show that vascular resident macrophage-derived Sparcl1 has a protective effect during aorta aneurysm progression by interfering with FGF2-induced dysfunctional lymphangiogenesis, TLS formation and immune cell recruitment.

In this attempt at xenotransplantation of a lung from a genetically modified pig into a brain-dead recipient, although the grafted lung initially maintained viability and functionality, antibody-mediated rejection rapidly occurred, contributing to xenograft damage.