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Hepatitis C virus remains a health burden due to the lack of an effective vaccine, hindered by difficulties in replicating the native E1E2 antigen structure. Here, the authors engineer a stabilized E1E2 heterodimer using cryo-EM-guided modifications, enhancing immunogenicity and paving the way for future HCV vaccine development.

RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is typically considered as an essential enzyme. Here the authors show that natural degradation of RNAPII drives chromatin reorganization in growing oocytes, preparing the chromatin for genome activation after fertilization.

XRISM spectroscopy of the nucleus of the Circinus galaxy indicates elemental abundances suggestive of a dominant enrichment from core-collapse supernovae with progenitors below 20 solar masses; more massive stars may directly collapse into black holes.

LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA’s fourth Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog shows evidence of a clear pair-instability gap in the distribution of binary black-hole secondary masses but is absent in the larger primary masses.

Metastasis-associated oncofetal cell states emerge at the earliest stages of colorectal cancer and spatial profiling shows stereotypic patterning of fibroblast subtypes resembling normal tissue architecture, resulting in distinct regional microenvironments that dictate the timing and positioning of oncofetal plasticity.

MitoCatch is a cell-type-specific mitochondrion-targeting system that links mitochondria and the cell surface by protein binders and delivers mitochondria into the target cell.

The authors examine public, private, and family time investments in children in the United States using ten nationally representative surveys between 2010 and 2023.

Women of reproductive age may have specific concerns relating to perceived impacts on fertility and menstrual cycles that make them hesitant to receive COVID-19 vaccination. In this study, the authors explore COVID-19 vaccine uptake rates in women of reproductive age using linked data for ~13 million women in England.

Combining magnetic materials with superconductors in heterostructures is a promising pathway for realizing topological superconductivity. Here, Zahner et al show that the boundary formed between monolayer and bilayer manganese deposited on top of superconducting Tantalum can host spin polarized edge modes, the result of different topological superconducting phases of the monolayer and bilayer regions.

TRH neurons are located in brain regions controlling energy balance. Here, authors show that distinct hypothalamic TRH neurons regulate feeding, energy use, body temperature, and brown fat, and are involved in counteracting hypothermia.

Histone modifications, such as N^ε-lysine acetylation and methylation, play critical roles in regulating eukaryotic transcription. Now, the oxidation of acetyl-lysine to hydroxyacetyl-lysine of a select histone has been identified as a distinct modification catalysed by the human JmjC histone demethylase KDM3A, which plays a role in the cellular hypoxic response.

Combined functional ultrasound imaging and Neuropixels recording of mouse brains identify two neuronal populations with opposing arousal-related activity and distinct haemodynamic response functions, that occur throughout the brain.

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

Chica et al. combined genetic network mapping, time-resolved imaging and deep learning to generate a dataset called AutoDRY that describes multilayered control of autophagy and uncovers new regulatory pathways.

During chemotherapy Endonuclease G triggers chromosomal breakage and leukemogenic rearrangements in hematopoietic cells. Here the authors identify a peptide derived from Ku80 antagonizing this mutagenic effect through specific Endonuclease G inhibition.

A robust composite pair-exchange gate based on controlled interactions of fermionic atoms in an optical superlattice demonstrates high fidelities and long Bell-state lifetimes, marking an important step towards a fully digital fermionic quantum computer.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Femtosecond laser pulse-induced coherent helicity switching of magnetic vortices in permalloy disks on picosecond timescales is reported.

Two-dimensional (2D) metal halide perovskites exhibit efficient photoinduced emission at room temperature, but control over charge carrier transport remains limited. Here formamidinium-based layered 2D perovskites are developed with high predicted symmetry. The absence of octahedral distortion results in an exciton diffusion length of 2.5 µm.

JWST phase-curve observations reveal that the two innermost TRAPPIST-1 planets emit thermal radiation consistent with bare rocky surfaces, indicating that both lack thick atmospheres.

A chip-scale image sensor that uses a microelectromechanical system actuator to modulate the sensor’s position can enhance the spatial bandwidth product by up to 33.7-fold compared with operation without actuation.

The relationship between the driving force for electron transfer in organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials and their performance has been challenging to understand. Now, it has been shown that the driving force controls the charge-transfer distance at the donor–acceptor interface, a finding that supports a model where raising the dielectric constant will be the most effective way to improve OPV efficiencies.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Japonica subspecies has a lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than that of indica rice. Here, the authors show that natural variations in the NIN-like protein 4 (OsNLP4) encoding gene are responsible for the divergence and introgression of the indica OsNLP4 allele into elite japonica cultivar can increase NUE and grain yield.

The highest-quality JWST spectra reveal that little red dots are young supermassive black holes shrouded in dense cocoons of ionized gas, where electron scattering, not Doppler motions, broadens their spectral lines.

Arboviruses often co-circulate, but cross-reactivity hampers serological diagnostics. Here, the authors paired multiplex serology with competitive immunoassays and Bayesian modelling to quantify antibody cross-reactivity and extract virus-specific signals from exposure data, enabling reconstruction of transmission dynamics.

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, but can also be used as a source for advanced carbon materials. This work shows a sustainable approach to produce high-value carbon fibres through methane pyrolysis.

Here, the authors introduce information isotopes, a novel framework for tracing unauthorized training data in black-box AI systems, offering a practical tool for auditing data provenance and protecting data rights.

ThermoCas9, a genome-editing enzyme that is sensitive to the DNA methylation status of the target locus, is characterized and shows promise for targeting hypomethylated DNA regions in cancer cells.

In this phase 1/2 trial, patients with Ewing sarcoma received trabectedin and low-dose irinotecan at concentrations known to inhibit the activity of the transcription factor EWS::FLI1, leading to encouraging clinical response rates.

Here, the authors identify SpiR, a gut bacterial enzyme that converts cholesterol, exclusively in a clade of uncultured gut bacteria, and show it is a superior predictor of microbial cholesterol metabolism in humans.

Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum relies on the development of gametocytes, which undergo extensive cellular remodelling. Here, the authors demonstrate that the PfGID E3 ubiquitin ligase complex affects gametocyte development by regulating key proteins, producing defective cells that cannot infect mosquitoes.

Theoretical descriptions of surface wetting so far cover only equilibrium situations and therefore do not describe active matter. Now a formalism for the description of the wetting of a surface by self-propelled particles is presented.

Analysis of FeTe films grown using molecular-beam epitaxy and annealed under a Te flux post-growth shows that stoichiometric FeTe is inherently a superconductor, contradicting the long-held view that it is an antiferromagnetic metal.

In vivo adenine base editing corrects a common Pex1 pathogenic allele in mouse models of Zellweger spectrum disorder, rescuing liver pathology, fatty acid levels, body weight and peroxisome function.

A high-resolution spectroscopic analysis reveals ultralow amounts of heavy elements in the star SDSS J0715−7334. The star originates from the Large Magellanic Cloud and probably formed directly after the first stars through dust cooling.

Daily satellite data reveal that Earth’s artificial lights at night are highly volatile, with frequent brightening and dimming between 2014 and 2022.

Proteomic data from natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide insight into how these cells tolerate aneuploidy (an imbalance in the number of chromosomes), and reveal differences between lab-engineered aneuploids and diverse natural yeasts.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells show inherently low antioxidant defenses, making them prone to lethal oxidative stress induced by thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) inhibitors. Here, authors demonstrate that activating NRF2 mediated tissue protection allows increased therapeutic dose of TXNRD1 inhibitors to enhances SCLC cell killing in vivo without added toxicity to healthy tissues.

Tests of the predictions of the renormalization group in biological experiments have not yet been decisive. Now, a study on the collective dynamics of insect swarms provides a long-sought match between experiment and theory.

In this study, authors investigate what happens to magma before a volcanic eruption. They find that crystals react to magma flow before it reaches the surface, preserving a mechanical fingerprint of the forces driving eruptions.

In this study, the authors present optimization and efficacy testing of apolipoprotein-based lipid nanoparticles for delivering various nucleic acid therapeutics in vivo to immune cells and their progenitors in the bone marrow.

Controlling the dynamics of magnons at terahertz frequencies is important for fast and efficient information processing devices. Now optical excitation is shown to enable ultrafast manipulation of magnon spectra in an insulating antiferromagnet.

Complex behaviors in amorphous solids, disordered magnets, and crumpled sheets can be traced to hysteric subsystems, or hysterons, within them. Here, the author translates an abstract hysteron model into a tunable mechanical structure that has stable memory and can process mechanical information.

Plasma and CSF p-tau biomarkers show similar dynamics across Alzheimer’s disease progression, though plasma %p-tau217 and eMTBR-tau243 show less ceiling effect than CSF. Combining %ptau217, %p-tau205, and (e)MTBR-tau243 supports staging and prognosis.

Two individuals with KCNT1-related epileptic encephalopathy were treated with a KCNT1-targeting antisense oligonucleotide, leading to significant reductions in seizure frequency and intensity, but also the development of hydrocephalus.

Tissue patterning is essential to development. Now it is shown that boundary cues can drive the patterning of embryonic tissue.