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T-cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) remains a major cause of kidney transplant failure with incompletely understood mechanisms. Here the authors use single-nucleus RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and immunofluorescence to show that injured kidney epithelial cell states associate with poor transplant outcomes after T-cell–mediated rejection.

Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

Prokaryotic pan-genome analysis is crucial for understanding microbial diversity, however current analytical methods often struggle to balance accuracy and computational efficiency. Here the authors present a more precise, robust and scalable toolkit for large-scale pan genome analysis.

Complete strain tensor fields of twisted bilayer graphene are quantitatively mapped, revealing two-regime reconstruction mechanics depending on twist angle.

Bacterial viruses (phages) are promising alternatives to treat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, but finding matching phages against bacteria of interest is challenging. Here, Boeckaerts et al. present a machine learning approach that predicts phage-bacteria pairs at the strain level for Klebsiella pathogens.

Here the authors use structure-based design to engineer a single component immunogen that mimics the malaria parasite AMA1-RON2 complex required for invasion of host cells, and show that it elicits a potent strain-transcending antibody response in rats.

Identification of virulence-associated genes in pathogens is important to understand mechanisms of disease. Here, Jackson et al. use a mouse model and clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans to identify novel gene networks that impact virulence.

Phage–host interactions are computationally predicted using only genomic information, highlighting future research directions and enabling generation of custom phage cocktails.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses five ESX systems to secrete multiple effector proteins that are essential for the pathogen’s growth and virulence. Here, Nair et al. identify a protein complex that is required for outer-membrane localization and for secretion of all ESX-dependent proteins into the cytosol of infected macrophages.

Here, the authors present and characterise a collection of human gut bacteria including novel taxa associated with health conditions and a large diversity of plasmids. All isolates, their genomes and metadata are publicly available, facilitating research by others (www.hibc.rwth-aachen.de).

Light represses biofilm formation and production of virulence factors in the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, Manias et al. identify a periplasmic microprotein that regulates this process by activating the degradation of a component of the light-sensing pathway.

Engineering motif-specific 'hot spots' into an antibody scaffold yields antibodies with high affinity to targets containing phosphoserine, phosphothreonine or phosphotyrosine.

The use of additives in the fabrication of solution-processed n-type perovskite transistors alleviates lattice strain and suppresses undercoordinated lead, boosting the charge transport properties of the devices and making them suitable for use in complementary circuit applications.

When doubly-degenerate band crossings known as Kramers nodal lines intersect the Fermi level, they form exotic three-dimensional Fermi surfaces composed of massless Dirac fermions. Here, the authors present evidence that the 3R polytypes of TaS₂ and NbS₂ are Kramers nodal line metals with open octdong and spindle-torus Fermi surfaces, respectively.

Insects colonized with Metarhizium fungi emit longifolene to lure new hosts for infection to disperse spores. A fungal strain was engineered to emit longifolene to attract and eliminate mosquitoes.

Mutations in the PBAF chromatin-remodeling complex cause various neurodevelopmental disorders. This study shows that PBAF shapes distinct motor neuron identities, revealing how its disruption impairs movement and offering insight into neurodevelopmental disorders caused by PBAF mutations.

The human gut contains diverse bacterial strains that are beneficial/critical for health. Here, the authors compare the response of human gut and laboratory E. coli strains to the antibiotic tetracycline in molecular detail and find a severe dysfunction of protein synthesis only in the gut strain.

Commercial live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs), usually contain a high proportion of defective interfering particles (DIPs), are not sufficiently protective. With mice models, the authors here reveal that LAIV with low DIPs replicates better, enhances immune response and facilitates cross-neutralization protection against lethal challenge of influenza strains.

Interfacial segregation of boron generates gradient-ordering and achieves improved mechanical performance across ambient temperature to 2073 K, providing a new pathway to overcome the strength-plasticity trade-off under extreme thermal conditions.

Selecting for varieties of commercial crops with enhanced nutritional quality is important in agriculture. Here, the authors identify alleles of a gene in tomatoes that give rise to increased levels of vitamin E and find that the promoter of the gene is differentially methylated.

Integrating seismo-acoustic monitoring with visual observations provides valuable insights into pyroclastic density currents dynamics and associated pre- and post-collapse processes, according to integration of geophysical observations and modelling approaches.

A near-atomic resolution strain-specific cryo-EM structure of infectious prion fibrils from mice was determined, revealing a structural definition for intra-species prion strain-specific conformations.

Structural deformation can modify the optical properties of quantum dots. Here, the author report strain-graded CdSe-ZnSe quantum dots, allowing for spectrally stable and pure emission of photons at accelerated rates with near unity luminescence efficiency.

The role of protein UFMylation in cancer remains to be understood. Here, the authors show that UFM1-specific ligase 1 and AKT positively regulate each other through UFMylation and phosphorylation, facilitating lipid synthesis and breast tumor growth.

Using an international collection of population-based microbiome studies of participants in the MicroCardio Consortium, a cross-cohort meta-analysis identified several phylogenetically diverse, species- and strain-level microbial features as well as community-level functional shifts encompassing diverse pathways to type 2 diabetes.

Malaria parasites specifically target red blood cells for invasion. Here, the authors investigate how Plasmodium falciparum exploits host CD44, showing that CD44 crosslinking promotes invasion in two ways: by altering the cell membrane to enhance critical ligand-receptor interactions, and by regulating signaling internally to the host cell cytoskeleton.

Here the authors leverage a crossfeeding, engineered microbial community to demonstrate that strain abundance cycles are robust across environmental conditions. They pair this with a nonlinear dynamic model to elucidate population cycles.

Membrane ion channels can be responsive to a variety of stimuli such as pressure, temperature, or pH. Here, the authors show that simply shining 365 nm light activates a native potassium channel in rodent pain-sensing neurons, delivering powerful analgesia without drugs or genetic manipulations.

The understanding of strain effect on electronic properties of organic semiconductors is crucial for the designs of flexible electronics. Here, Wu et al.characterize the tensile and compressive strain effects on the work function of rubrene single crystals as a benchmark system.

Piezoresistors can be used in strain sensors for soft machines, but the traditional design process relies on intuition and human ingenuity alone. Haitao Yang and colleagues present a method built on genetic algorithms and other machine learning methods to design and fabricate strain sensors with improved capabilities.

Here, via longitudinal metagenomic analysis of 676 fecal samples from 338 individuals in the Lifelines-DEEP study, the authors identify ongoing gene-sharing among human gut bacteria that supports community stability and spreads helpful functions. These gene-sharing signatures are highly personal, illuminating how host lifestyle shapes gut microbes over time.

Detrimental serrated plastic flow via dynamic strain aging (DSA) in conventionally processed nickel superalloys usually occurs during high temperature deformation. Here, the authors suppress DSA via a unique microstructure obtained using additive manufacturing and propose a new dislocation-arrest model in nickel superalloys.

Engineered microbial communities can divide labour between their members and interface with natural microbiomes. Here the authors demonstrate how a single toxin producing engineered strain can tune the composition of a two-strain community.

Mechanically interlocked monolayer and bilayer two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are synthesized on the water surface by embedding macrocyclic molecules with one and two cavities into the backbones. The resulting bilayer 2DP displays a high effective Young’s modulus, exceeding other reported multilayer 2DPs.

Genetically diverse Candida albicans strains in patients with inflammatory bowel disease secrete a toxin and aggravate IL-1β-dependent intestinal inflammation.

Materials such as rubber tend to soften when cyclically deformed. Here, however, the authors find that bundled actin networks can show cyclic hardening and retain a memory of the maximum strain they have been subjected to.

Our understanding of chromosome organization and dynamics in spherical bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, remains limited. Here, the authors show that chromosome replication and cell division cycles are not synchronized in S. aureus, with cells exhibiting two segregated origins of replication at the start of the cell cycle.

Whether the deformation of amorphous materials is governed by universal scaling, a characteristic feature of the critical phenomena, is currently under debate. Here, Denisov et al. provide experimental evidence by linking the internal strains at microscales to the fluctuations in the applied force.

An inadequate supply of cofactors often limits the production of target molecules in metabolic engineering. Here, the authors report cofactor engineering through decompartmentalization of the yeast mitochondrial metabolism to improve succinic acid production in Issatchenkia orientalis.

High-pressure deformation experiments on hydrated polymineralic rocks show that fluid-assisted reactions are key to the formation and long-term evolution of plate boundaries, particularly in subduction zones.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating swift and precise diagnostic solutions. Here, the authors introduce a culture-free diagnostic platform integrating microfluidic cell enrichment, single-cell Raman spectroscopy, and deep learning, that identifies bacterial and fungal infections directly from clinical samples within 20 minutes.

The loss of residual strains in the intervertebral disc alters the microenvironment and instigates aberrant tissue remodelling and the adoption of atypical cellular phenotypes, promoting disease progression.

The pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae can adapt to diverse microenvironments in the human body. Here, De Bakker et al. study these adaptation responses, showing unusual sugar utilization and identifying FasR as a regulator of membrane composition and heat stress resistance.

While strain engineering via support modification is a powerful strategy to tune catalytic properties, it is complex to control for immobilized molecular complexes. Now the curvature of carbon nanotubes is leveraged to induce strain to metal phthalocyanine complexes and boost their electrocatalytic activity

Here they demonstrate a therapeutic intervention elevating levels of CYP450-derived lipids to control the expansion of intermediate monocytes in tissue and peripheral blood, presenting a first in class therapeutic approach for treating chronic inflammatory disease.