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Rat hepatitis E virus (HEV) can infect humans, but the extent of spillover isn’t well studied. Here the authors develop a serological test that distinguishes exposure to rat HEV from other HEV infection and show substantial spillover in a biodiversity hotspot in China. The method can support surveillance of rat HEV.

Efficient adenine base editors for mitochondrial DNA are achieved with evolved TadA deaminases.

The authors show that LARP4 drives T cell dysfunction in tumors by promoting hypertranslation of oxidative phosphorylation-related mRNAs, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. They also target LARP4 to enhance T cell persistence and anti-tumor activity and provide a CAR T cell strategy for treating solid and liquid tumors.

Individuals with SYK gain-of-function variants develop immunodeficiency and systemic inflammation, which are recapitulated in a knock-in mouse model. Treatment of these mice with bone marrow transplantation or with a SYK inhibitor ameliorates disease symptoms, highlighting potential therapeutic strategies for patients with SYK mutations.

Sex determination evolved to control unisexual flowers. This study shows that ethylene produced in the carpel activates the expression of CmHB40 in stamens to inhibit genes required for stamen development and yield female flowers in melon.

Non-viral CAR-T cells with gene-specific targeted integration are safe and effective in patients with lymphoma.

The authors collate literature on the responses of bird assemblages to forest loss and show that locations with a more variable natural environment and a longer history of agricultural land use have bird assemblages that are more tolerant to forest loss.

Genetic studies of Chinese individuals have been performed, but mostly with short read sequencing, limiting the types of variants that can be identified. Here, the authors perform long read sequencing of 945 han Chinese individuals, finding structural variants under natural selection and those associated with human traits and evolutionary history.

Different types of mesenchymal progenitors participate in ectopic bone formation. Here, the authors show Col2⁺ lineage cells adopt a lymphatic endothelium cell fate, which regulates local inflammatory microenvironment after trauma, thus influencing heterotopic ossification (HO) development via a FGFR3-BMPR1a pathway.

A mitochondrial disease is modeled using engineered base editors in rats.

Congenital scoliosis is a complex genetic disorder characterized by vertebral malformation. Here, the authors demonstrate that loss of dstyk leads to scoliosis in zebrafish due to dysregulated biogenesis of notochord vacuoles and that DSTYK is required for lysosome biogenesis through mTORC1 regulation.

A comprehensive gene stacking approach is used to rationally design rice varieties that combine multiple desirable quantitative traits to obtain both high yields and high grain quality.

A precise adenine base editor variant, ABE9, was developed to generate single adenine transition at pathogenic homopolymeric adenine sites with minimal DNA/RNA off-target effects, suggesting promising potential for gene therapeutics.

Patient-derived xenograft models (PDX) have been extensively used to study the molecular and clinical features of cancers. Here the authors present a cohort of 536 PDX models from 25 cancers, as well as their genomic and evolutionary profiles and their suitability for clinical trials.

Methane borylation allows for the functionalization of an otherwise unreactive compound, enabling its use as a one-carbon building block; however, competing diborylation presents a selectivity issue. Now, a metal–organic-framework-based catalyst highly selective for monoborylation is reported. The selectivity is due to the reaction taking place within the catalyst pores, which excludes the formation of the larger diborlyated product.

The m⁶A reader protein YTHDF1 suppresses the clearance of tumour cells by enhancing the translation of lysosomal proteases in dendritic cells and thereby suppressing tumour antigen presentation.

To elucidate the relationship between sociality and longevity, the authors perform phylogenetic and transcriptomic comparative analysis of mammals. They find that group-living species lived longer than solitary species and identify 31 genes, hormones, and immunity-related pathways involved in this connection.

A meta-transcriptomic analysis of the viromes of 2,438 mosquitoes of 81 species from across China identifies geographic hotspots of mosquito virus diversity, links between mosquito virome composition and host phylogeny, and a suggestion of long-distance mosquito dispersal.

Despite great efforts, the reaction mechanism of CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol and the nature of the active sites on Cu–ZnO–ZrO₂ (CZZ) catalysts are still under debate. Herein, the authors report the interactions among the three components in controlling the catalytic performance of CZZ catalyst for CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol.

A recurrent ECSIT mutation in individuals with extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma induces NFκB in cancer cells, leading to macrophage activation, and associates with progression to fatal hemophagocytic syndrome. NFκB-targeting therapy produced stable remission in two patients.

LGR4 has been identified as a new receptor for RANKL in bone cells where it opposes RANK signaling to inhibit osteoclasts differentiation, and its therapeutic targeting promotes reduced bone loss in three mouse models of osteoporosis.

In this DREAM challenge, 75 methods for the identification of disease-relevant modules from molecular networks are compared and validated with GWAS data. The authors provide practical guidelines for users and establish benchmarks for network analysis.

Samples from over 4,000 bats representing 40 different species yield 8,176 viral metagenomes that expand RNA virus diversity and decipher environmental and anthropogenic factors influencing bat viral ecology.

Shi, Liu, Gao et al. present a strategy to monitor and selectively eliminate senescent cells in mice during aging through controllable photodynamic therapy, which inhibited the age-related functional decline.

Base editors that modify both adenine and cytosine broaden the potential applications of base editing.