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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Cation identity and concentration influence electrocatalytic reactions, yet the origin remains debated. Here, the authors report a theoretical framework showing how cations modulate interfacial electrostatics and water dissociation kinetics, explaining multiple inversions of cation-dependent activity trends in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

Particle processing plays a critical role in advancing solid state batteries. Here, authors show how solvent-free mechanofusion enables mixed conducting matrix coatings on cathode particles and relate coating quality to macroscopic mixing stresses for scalable solid state battery manufacturing.

Self-aggregation in self-assembled monolayers adversely affects on hole transport performance in inverted perovskite solar cells. To address this issue, Shen et al. propose an indole/carbazole co-adsorption strategy to construct phase-homogeneous monolayers featuring alternating molecular arrangements.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Here the authors show that marine diatoms produce tryptophanol, a molecule that at extremely low concentrations rapidly activates nitrogen assimilation genes and enzymes. This facilitates acquisition of nitrogen, a vital ocean nutrient.

Yu et al. report a self-assembled heterogeneous microstructure consisting of chiral-deficit grains and chiral-rich grain boundaries in chiral perovskite with the former as in-plane spin valves for spin selection. Retinomorphic sensor arrays based on the chiral perovskite film enable binocular artificial visual systems.

Osteoarthritis is driven by epigenetic dysregulation, yet targeted therapies remain elusive. Here, the authors develop a cartilage-targeting hydrogel delivering BRD4-degrading PROTACs to suppress the BRD4- Nav1.7 axis and alleviate osteoarthritis.

Methyl groups play a vital role in pharmaceuticals, where their installation onto aryl and heteroaryl moieties of drug candidates can often enhance drug-target interactions. Here, the authors report the methylation of phenols (as tosylates) and aryl halides via a hydrazone-mediated Ni catalyzed cross-coupling reaction, employing formaldehyde hydrazone as the methyl reagent.

Sialic acid O-acetylation occurs in the Golgi apparatus and is catalyzed by CASD1, a multi-pass transmembrane protein. Here, the authors reveal that SLC33A1 delivers acetyl-CoA to the luminal catalytic domain of CASD1, while a catalytic transmembrane tunnel enables SLC33A1-independent O-acetylation.

Structural complexity often hinders the efficient conversion of lignin into sustainable high-value products. This bifunctional core–shell catalyst enables a relay reaction that transforms lignin into jet-fuel range cycloalkanes with high yields.

Ribosomal Protein S15 (RPS15) is recurrently mutated in B-cell leukemia but its leukemogenic role remains unclear. Here, the authors establish mutant RPS15 as a cancer driver and reveal mechanisms by which these mutations induce translational defects, DNA damage and genomic instability that together promote leukemogenesis.

Autophagy has been reported to have an important role in glioblastoma temozolomide resistance but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors identify RFC4-STK38-BECN1 complex as a driver of autophagy activation and subsequent temozolomide resistance in preclinical models of glioblastoma.

In conventional s-wave superconductors, ferromagnetism is strongly suppressed, due to the singlet pairing of the electrons. Here, Xiang, He, Lin, and coauthors find a long-range ferromagnetic order among impurity sites in the spin-orbit coupled Fe(Se,Te) using scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscopy.

IMiD-based PROTACs may degrade IKZF1/3 with hematologic effects. This study profiles these liabilities using hematopoietic assays showing stem cell rewiring and interferon activation and introduces a CRBN ligand that reduces them.

Genetic analyses in more than 15,000 individuals from across the Americas, including individuals with autism and family members, define the genetic landscape of autism in Latin American populations and identify significant overlap with other ancestries.

Th17 cells play critical immunological roles and are exposed to oxidative stress but how the mechanisms behind how they deal with this are not well established. Here the authors suggest a role for Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group C in the protection of Th17 cells from oxidative stress in a murine model.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

The study shows that the X-linked enzyme KDM6A protects against atherosclerosis by regulating liver cholesterol and lipoprotein genes in a sex-specific manner. Loss of KDM6A disrupts these pathways and promotes atherosclerosis in females, but not males.

Traditional recycling of polyoxymethylene plastic often leads to significant material loss and toxic emissions. Here, the authors introduce an acidic electrochemical process that efficiently converts plastic waste into valuable chemicals with conversion efficiency approaching 90%.

The GABA_B receptor is a mandatory heterodimer. Here authors show the existence of GABA_B dimers of dimers in neurons, and their relevance in human health. By solving the structure of this tetramer, they show the structural basis for a negative cooperativity between the dimers within such a complex.

The stabilization of an unconventional −VII oxidation state of gold is demonstrated in Li₁₀AuF under high pressure. This electride phase features paired interstitial anionic electrons, expanding our understanding of charge distribution.

Laser-driven neutron sources offer unique advantages for fundamental physics and applications. Here, authors present an experiment at the DRACO PW laser where they achieved for the first time single neutron detection of fast neutrons, establishing LDNSs as a promising, scalable platform for future fast neutron-induced reaction studies.

Peroxiredoxins from diverse organisms were found to assemble into hybrid complexes, not just identical ones. These mixed assemblies reshape structure and stability, challenging a long-held view of peroxiredoxin assembly in cells.

Trials of universal HIV test and treat interventions aiming to reduce new HIV infections have had mixed results. Here, the authors develop a statistical model based on sequence data and driving distances to estimate the extent to which new infections in a trial setting arose from different sources of local transmission.

This study shows that tropical cyclone heavy rainfall has extended inland along the coasts of the Northern Hemisphere with a rate of 3.8 km per decade since 1980. Nearshore sea-surface warming drives this expansion, with coastal urbanization further amplifying the effect. These findings highlight increasing flood risk for inland populations as cities grow.

N-desethyl-fluornitrazene is a µ-opioid receptor agonist derived from nitazenes that has supramaximal intrinsic efficacy that produces analgesia with minimal adverse effects in rodent models.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Arsenic’s dual nature—both beneficial and toxic—has long challenged its practical use in chemistry. Now it has been shown that photoredox catalysis can directly convert arsenic sulfide minerals into diverse organoarsenicals, bypassing hazardous intermediates and offering a safe, sustainable and scalable route to functionalized arsenicals.

Improving crop yield very often comes at the cost of crop quality and stress resistance. Here, the authors report that gene editing of the thiamine pyrophosphate riboswitch in rice leads to elevated levels of various vitamins and phytonutrients, as well as resistance to cold and blast disease without penalty on grain yield.

Immune imprinting narrows the vaccine recall response towards dominant epitopes but protection against rapidly evolving viruses is enhanced if the breadth of responses is preserved. Here authors show in a ferret model that introducing optimized antigenic variation between prime and boost vaccines diversify the targeted epitopes and thus broadens immunity in a ferret model of influenza vaccination.

Here authors report a 50-fold luminescence enhancement in oriented MOF films via molecular rotor realignment during solvent evaporation. This mechanism is a step towards real-time sensing of volatile compounds.

Coulomb explosion imaging provides real space/time resolution of molecular processes. Here the authors develop a generative model to reconstruct molecular geometries from ion momentum measurements which extends the system size accessible with this technique.

The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

In this study, the authors report the structure of a human astrovirus spike protein bound to the FcRn receptor and show that clinically approved FcRn inhibitors potently inhibit virus infection via competing with viral spike proteins for receptor binding.

In-flight observations show that the use of lean-burn combustion succeeds in reducing soot emissions from aircraft—yet contrail ice crystals still form and nucleate on volatile particles.

The interaction between different GPCRs is important in integrating their intracellular signaling. Here, the authors provide insight into the mechanisms of allosteric activation of the mGlu2 receptor induced by 5-HT2A or other GPCRs in their heteromeric complexes.

How acute stress activates amygdala inhibitory circuits that regulate reproduction remains elusive. Here, the authors uncover a neural tug-of-war between functionally distinct GABA neuronal populations in the posterodorsal medial amygdala that translate stress signals into changes in reproductive hormone rhythms in female mice.

Dutta et al. demonstrate that the tumor suppressor complex BRCA1–BARD1 physically interacts with the RNA–DNA helicase Senataxin (SETX) and upregulates the activity of SETX to resolve harmful R-loops crucial for the avoidance of transcription–replication conflicts.

Conventional slurry electrodes limit high-energy lithium batteries. This work shows that dry-processed electrodes with molecularly coupled carbon–binder networks enable high mass and active material loading, supporting stable high-voltage operation and enhancing battery energy density.

Using an integrative spatial Bayesian framework that merges high-resolution environmental pesticide risk modelling with comprehensive cancer registry data, this analysis reveals spatial patterns of pesticide exposure and liver tissue-derived molecular signatures across Peru, establishing links between pesticide usage and cancer insurgence at the national scale.

In Li-mediated electrochemical N₂ reduction to ammonia, selectivity and activity are governed by the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This study reveals how the applied potential shapes the SEI properties and composition, thereby influencing reaction performance.

Recently, superconductivity was achieved in La3Ni2O7 and (La,Pr)3Ni2O7 thin films at ambient pressure due to in-plane compressive strain. Here, the authors report the enhancement of the superconducting onset from about 30 K to over 48 K by applying hydrostatic pressure to the films.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

The accumulation of phosphoinositides at the lysosomal surface is shown to enhance RagGTPase–mTORC1 activity, which affects skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Inhibition of this signalling pathway improves muscle physiology in a mouse myopathy model.

Benralizumab (an anti-IL-5 receptor α antibody), compared to placebo, significantly reduced the risk of first flare in patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome.

Present Li-ion batteries for portable electronics are based on inorganic electrodes made through non-ecological processes. Sustainable conjugated dicarboxylate organic salt anodes showing advantageous reversible capacities and thermal stability are now reported.

FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM) is known as a repressor of Arabidopsis flowering. Here, the authors show that a single intronic substitution of FLM modulates leaf color and plant growth strategy along the leaf economics spectrum, as well as plays a role in plant adaptation.