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Synovitis is a key early driver of osteoarthritis (OA), and RANKL contributes to cartilage degradation in OA. Here the authors show that denosumab, an anti-RNKL antibody, reduces synovitis and delays OA progression in animal models and patients.

Metabolic diseases are associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. Here the authors show that major vault protein (MVP) suppresses NF-κB signalling in macrophages via an IRAK1–TRAF6 axis and that loss of MVP in myeloid cells exacerbates the inflammatory response in mice fed a high fat diet.

This study reveals that CYBDOM proteins promote drought tolerance by regenerating apoplastic ascorbic acid (AsA) and activating autophagy through interaction with RbohD, and link AsA redox, ROS and selective autophagy in plant stress responses

Photocorrosion caused by unreacted holes limits the performance of photocatalysts for photocatalytic seawater splitting. Here, the authors report that a hollow ZnIn₂S₄ structure with CoOx and Pt single atoms enables efficient, durable hydrogen production from seawater via dynamic self-reconstruction.

Macrophage TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is implicated in a range of immunopathology. Here the authors show TIGAR drives inflammation and sepsis via activation of TAK1 and that disruption of TIGAR-TAK1 interaction in a murine model of sepsis reduces immunopathology.

Endothelial injury drives vascular diseases like atherosclerosis, but key regulators are unclear. Here, the authors show that endothelial major vault protein (MVP) acts as an intracellular regulator promoting Parkin-mediated mitophagy, thereby antagonizing vascular remodeling and suggesting its role as a potential therapeutic target.

In this study, we conduct meRIP-seq analysis on macrophages during their differentiation and activation to elucidate the landscape of the m⁶A spectrum across different stages. Combined analysis of RNA-seq and meRIP-seq revealed that Kdm6b interacts with and demethylates Jak1, promoting its phosphorylation-mediated activation of macrophages. Activated macrophages interact with T cells to promote atherosclerosis progression.

The hypoxic microenvironment in solid tumors limits the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) since oxygen is necessary to produce high cytotoxic singlet oxygen species. Here, the authors develop an improved self-assembled single-atom nanozyme which allows oxygen generation to enhance PDT efficacy.

The active site of a solid catalyst depends strongly on the specific reaction. Here, the authors reveal distinct active sites for CO₂ and CO hydrogenation to methanol over ZnO-ZrO₂, using experimental surface kinetics, structural characterization, and theoretical modeling.

The stability and efficiency of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters are still limited. Here the authors design TADF compounds by introducing an auxiliary acceptor with both enhanced stability and enhanced efficiency.

Artificial photosynthesis of urea from NH₃ and CO₂ remains difficult to achieve. Herein, by three altering the number of heterocyclic N atoms within a series of covalent organic frameworks, the authors report an increase in urea photosynthesis yields and efficiencies.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics uncovered a stark contrast in the TMEs of cervical cancer subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma is more immunogenic, whereas adenocarcinoma is stromal-rich and immune-cold.

Previous studies of exciton condensates in moire heterostructures have been limited to large layer separation or one carrier type. Here the authors report a complete sequence of exciton condensates at both electron and hole fillings in large-angle twisted double bilayer graphene without a spacer layer.

A study reports cryogenic electron microscopy structures of the respiratory syncytial virus polymerase bound to its genomic and antigenomic viral RNA promoters.

Interfacial ferroelectricity may emerge in moiré superlattices. Here, the authors find that the polarized charge is much larger than the capacity of the moiré miniband and the associated anomalous screening exists outside the band.

Realization of stable and industrial-level hydrogen peroxide electroproduction still faces great challenge due large partly to the easy decomposition of this product. Here the authors report a strategy to achieve superior performance by promoting an increased electron density of Co center due to the introduction of sulfur atoms in the linking units of 2D CoPc-S-COF

Molecular perdeuteration of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters improves the performance of blue organic light-emitting diodes, enabling a peak external quantum efficiency of 33.1% and a device lifetime to reach 80% of initial luminance of over 1,300 h.

Chromosome-scale sequence assemblies of 20 diverse varieties of barley are used to construct a first-generation pan-genome, revealing previously hidden genetic variation that can be used by studies aimed at crop improvement

To possess a small singlet-triplet energy gap and a large oscillator strength simultaneously is critical for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters. Here, the authors attach an multiresonance-acceptor onto a sterically-uncrowded donor for realizing a device efficiency of 40.4%.

Cognitive impairment is a feature of many psychiatric diseases. Here the authors aimed to identify multimodal neuromarkers that can be used to quantify and predict cognitive performance in individuals with schizophrenia using three different features of MRI and three independent cohorts.

Defect density reduction is pertinent for halide perovskite solar cells but a universal strategy has not been exploited. Here Chen et al. show that by fine tuning the alkaline environment in precursor solution, they can greatly suppress defects density and obtain high certified efficiency of 20.87%.

Small RNA-binding ARGONAUTE proteins are important regulators of gene silencing and plant development. Here Zhang et al. identify conserved motifs in ArabidopsisARGONAUTE proteins that determine binding to specific microRNA duplex structures.

Lightweight and flexible energy storage devices are needed to persistently power wearable devices. Here the authors employ metallized carbon fabrics as hosts for sulfur and lithium to achieve flexibility, electrochemical stability and high energy density in a lithium-sulfur battery.

This Review explores the genetic basis of diversification and adaptation in non-human primates, including their responses to ecological and environmental changes.

A dual-coupling-guided growth mechanism enables the realization of wafer-scale single-crystal WS₂ on vicinal a-plane sapphire.

Du et al used fMRI data from patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to analyze multi-scale brain functional connectivity and cerebral grey matter density and volume. They demonstrated the presence of convergent and divergent changes in SZ and ASD that correlated with clinical features.