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Membrane ion channels can be responsive to a variety of stimuli such as pressure, temperature, or pH. Here, the authors show that simply shining 365 nm light activates a native potassium channel in rodent pain-sensing neurons, delivering powerful analgesia without drugs or genetic manipulations.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

New results indicate that rhabdodontids and the previously described Ajkaceratops are actually distinctive European ceratopsians, a group better known from Asia and North America.

Classical fluids dissipate energy irreversibly as heat. Here, the authors experimentally show that in complex fluids with memory, energy can be recuperated, lowering effective friction and revealing how microscopic systems can transiently store and later return energy to perform useful work.

Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

This combined experimental and theoretical study of a collinear antiferromagnet reveals a large magnetic exchange driven structural shift and non-coplanar domain wall junctions, which exhibit a topological orbital magnetization.

Vinyl carbocations have a long history in chemistry, but they have received less attention compared to the more common sp²-hybridized trivalent carbocations and synthetic applications of these intermediates are still limited. Herein, the authors report an unexpected formal reductive Friedel-Crafts reaction, enabled by HFIP solvent and a hydride source, that transforms alkynol derivatives via a vinyl cation cyclization into bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives.

Pathogenic variants in UNC13A underlie a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome, with three subtypes defined by distinct genotypes with varying clinical and functional impacts characterized in cellular and animal models.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Population epigenetics leverages methylation profile scores (MPSs) to aggregate information across multiple DNA methylation sites. In this Comment, the authors advocate for MPSs to be trained in early-life contexts, anchored in longitudinal developmental data and evaluated using harmonized standards.

High-depth sequencing of non-cancerous tissue from patients with metastatic cancer reveals single-base mutational signatures of alcohol, smoking and cancer treatments, and reveals how exogenous factors, including cancer therapies, affect somatic cell evolution.

Confocal microscopy enables high-resolution, high-plex 3D cyclic immunofluorescence of 30- to 50-µm-thick tissue sections. The approach allows for rich phenotypic assessments of intact cells and intercellular interactions with subcellular resolution.

AIRES (algorithmic iterative reticular synthesis) is an integrated cycle combining automated synthesis, image recognition, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and algorithmic decision-making to maximize the discovery of distinct crystal structures. Demonstrated on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, AIRES offers a systematic and efficient blueprint for reticular synthesis, with broad implications for accelerating materials discovery.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

In vivo loss-of-function CRISPR screens were performed to identify genes influencing CAR T cell persistence and function in human multiple myeloma, highlighting CDKN1B as a promising target.

The study reveals strikingly different nonlinear Rabi splitting dynamics in MoSe₂ monolayers and (Ga,In)As quantum wells, highlighting the pivotal role of Coulomb interactions in shaping light–matter coupling in two-dimensional semiconductors.

CLPP-deficiency-driven mitochondrial dysfunction in brown adipose tissue leads to the accumulation of d-2-hydroxyglutarate, in turn promoting lipid-droplet enlargement by altering gene expression and epigenetically regulating nuclear stiffness.

Molecular shuttles are bi-stable and stimuli-responsive systems that are considered potential elements for molecular machinery. Here, the authors use optical tweezers to measure the force dependent real-time kinetics of individual molecular shuttles under aqueous conditions.

From 1980 to 2018, the levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreased in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe.

External Control Arm methods for clinical trials were developed to compare the efficacy of a treatment to a control group that is built with data from external sources. Here, the authors present FedECA, a privacy-enhancing method for analyzing treatment effects across institutions, streamlining multi-centric trial design and thereby accelerating drug development while minimizing patient data exposure.

Lateral anchoring of heteromolecules to graphene paves the way for the creation of hybrid materials with tunable properties. Now, following a surface-assisted dehydrogenative coupling reaction, the edges of graphene on silver have been functionalized with porphines. This enables the assembly of well-defined multifunctional graphene-based nanostructures.

Graphene nanoribbons show promise for high-performance field-effect transistors, however they often suffer from short lengths and wide band gaps. Here, the authors use a bottom-up synthesis approach to fabricate 9- and 13-atom wide ribbons, enabling short-channel transistors with 10⁵ on-off current ratio.

The results obtained by seventy different teams analysing the same functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of analytical choices and the importance of sharing workflows publicly and performing multiple analyses.

Nucleoside-processing enzymes exhibit strict regioselectivity for glycosylation of purine nucleobases at N9. Here, the authors report an exception and show that wild type nucleoside phosphorylases also furnish N7-xanthosine, a non-native ribosylation regioisomer of xanthosine.

The authors demonstrate deeply subwavelength light confinement in the terahertz spectral range by exploiting the strong light–matter coupling and hyperbolicity of phonon polaritons in hafnium-based dichalcogenides.

Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.

Naydenova, Boyle and Pathe et al. report that Shigella uses the ubiquitin E3 ligase IpaH1.4 to evade lipopolysaccharide ubiquitylation in infected cells by degrading the host E3 ligase RNF213. Using cryo-electron microscopy, they present the structural basis of this interaction and the mechanism of immune evasion.

Lightning Pose is an efficient pose estimation approach that requires few labeled training data owing to its semi-supervised learning strategy and ensembling.

Large aperture, diffractive metaoptics for broadband imaging have posed an outstanding challenge for miniaturized optics. In this work, Fröch, Chakravarthula, and colleagues address these challenges and successfully demonstrate a meta-optic with a 1 cm, f/2 aperture for full color imaging.

Sand fly vector control strategies are limited. Here, Cecilio et al. use the bacteria Delftia tsuruhatensis TC1 to reduce the ability of sand flies to become infected with Leishmania parasites and effectively transmit them to mammalian hosts.

Multiple access channels model communication from multiple independent senders to a common receiver. By drawing a connection to the study of classical and quantum correlations using nonlocal games, Leditzky et al. reveal remarkably complex behaviour of the entanglement-assisted and unassisted information transmission capabilities of a multiple access channel.

This genome-wide association study of occupational status in UK Biobank identified 106 genetic variants. Results highlight the role of family environment, childhood educational and occupational aspirations, and links to health.

Contrary to the view that urbanization is a major driver of the global rise in obesity, the global increase in body-mass index is shown to be mostly due to increases in the body-mass indexes of rural populations.

Natural ecosystems efficiently sequester CO₂, but containing and controlling living systems remains challenging. Here, the authors engineer a photosynthetic living material for dual CO₂ sequestration via biomass accumulation and microbially-induced calcium carbonate precipitation.

Bottom-up fabrication of GNR heterojunctions exhibiting atomically perfect heterojunction interfaces can be obtained from a single molecular precursor via post-growth modification

Identifying cellular identities is crucial in single-cell transcriptomics. Here, authors show that large-scale deep learning-based cell annotation models, trained on hundreds of cross-tissue scRNA-seq datasets, enhance prediction quality for fine-grained highly related cell types and states.

This study uncovers a distinct mechanistic pathway for bio-olefin production from industrial feedstocks by fatty acid peroxygenases through unconventional decarboxylation, paving the way for sustainable bio-based hydrocarbon production.

An inherently explainable AI trained on 1,015 expert-annotated prostate tissue images achieved strong Gleason pattern segmentation while providing interpretable outputs and addressing interobserver variability in pathology.

Olfactory deficits occur early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, the authors identify that loss of locus coeruleus axons in the olfactory bulb underlies impaired olfaction in an AD mouse model and provide translational evidence for similar deficits in humans.

Federated learning improves prediction of the histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach for analysis of multicenter cohorts of patients with rare diseases.

The nature of microscopic pairs in fermionic superfluids affects their behaviour in weak disorder. Here, authors probe the response of fermionic superfluids to strong, time-dependent disorder revealing the pairs size and binding energy as important microscopic properties for macroscopic response.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in intensive care unit patients is an often underdiagnosed but life-threatening condition. Here, the authors develop an open-source tool that uses machine learning to automatically detect ARDS.

Imaging and optogenetics in mice provide insight into the interplay between the primary motor cortex and the motor thalamus during learning, showing that thalamic inputs have a key role in the execution of learned movements.