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HST and JWST observations of four nearby galaxies show that massive young star clusters disperse their natal gas faster than low-mass clusters, with key implications for star formation, stellar feedback and planet formation models.

Selecting appropriate treatment for breast cancer is guided by molecular subtypes and clinical characteristics. Here, the authors show that their AI-based approach, which integrates digital pathology images and clinical data, demonstrates robust accuracy in predicting the risk of cancer recurrence across major molecular breast cancer subtypes, including triple negative breast cancer.

Fox et al. investigate how early life exposures to influenza shape antibody responses. They show that antibody responses to vaccination are better among children who had previously been infected.

Results from integrative population-based investigations indicate co-occurring types of clonal hematopoiesis are highly enriched and markedly increase blood cancer risk, highlighting new opportunities for early detection and targeted surveillance of high-risk individuals.

Direct roles of tRNA halves in aging are unclear. Here, the authors identify DIS-3/DIS3 as a conserved ribonuclease that generates tRNA halves, which delay aging and senescence by binding ribosome and reducing protein synthesis in Caenorhabditis elegans and cultured human cells.

Satellite radar altimetry is used to map the wave-affected Antarctic marginal ice zone-the outer icepack where waves penetrate the ice- providing a decade-long climatology of its extent and knowledge on its drivers.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

PTCHD1-AS, which encodes a long non-coding RNA, is associated with the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder in humans through striatal molecular and circuit-level dysregulation.

Comprehensive, multinational validation of the PREVENT and SCORE2 cardiovascular risk scores, used in the United States and Europe, respectively, in 44 observational studies and 18 randomized trials, shows similar performance for the two risk scores and generally good performance across geographical regions.

Allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with mature T-/NK-cell lymphoma. Here the authors present the results of a phase II clinical trial of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation for mature T or NK-cell lymphoma and suggest induction of graft versus tumor immunity is linked to remission even in the context of refractory disease.

Autophagic activity has a protective role in Alzheimer’s disease in mice. Here the authors investigate the role of autophagy-initiating protein ULK1 and report that its overexpression stimulates autophagic flux, reduces amyloid and tau pathology and delays cognitive decline.

In a prospective cohort of 166 participants (and in a 63-participant validation cohort), dermal α-synuclein and 4-repeat tau seed amplification, combined with serum neurofilament light chain assays, were able to identify parkinsonian syndromes.

Combining methane isotope measurements with satellite data shows recent methane growth is driven by stronger human emissions, with emissions redistributed toward tropical and subtropical regions, especially China and India

Natural genetic variation of photosynthesis is an underexplored resource for plant genetic improvement. Here, the authors find allelic variations of YS1 affect Arabidopsis photosynthesis acclimation using genome-wide association study, reverse genetics, and quantitative complementation approaches.

l-2-Hydroxyglutarate is identified as a legitimate physiological signalling metabolite, and control of its levels is essential for postnatal growth and survival and correct renal development and function.

Salladay-Perez and colleagues explore senescence induction in human and mouse macrophages using multiomic profiling. They characterize a p21⁺TREM2⁺ senescent macrophage population, which they functionally implicate in inflammaging and liver disease.

A phylogenetic analysis examined the origins of the first mpox outbreak in Sierra Leone and found evidence of an emerging lineage (G.1) that has likely descended from the Nigerian epidemic and emerged in Sierra Leone months before first detection.

Here, in an open-label pilot trial, the authors show that multi-donor fecal microbiota transfer in young women with anorexia nervosa was well tolerated and led to lasting changes in gut bacteria, supporting further research on microbiome-based treatments.

The highest-quality JWST spectra reveal that little red dots are young supermassive black holes shrouded in dense cocoons of ionized gas, where electron scattering, not Doppler motions, broadens their spectral lines.

The relationship between maternal age and pregnancy-related cardiovascular complications remains unclear. Here, the authors suggest that aging does not drive pregnancy-specific mechanisms of cardiovascular events; rather, pregnancy uniformly amplifies patients’ baseline cardiovascular risk.

Lipid nanoparticle formulation requires a mixing step which can impact performance. Here, the authors report on a study into the differences different mixing techniques have showing that hand pipetting and microfluidic mixers produce different lipid nanoparticles to commercial turbulent flow mixers

Donahue et al. show that ageing is associated with changes in ER morphology. ER-phagy drives age-associated ER remodelling through tissue-specific factors.

Integration of data representing 35,120 brain scans from diverse global studies enables construction of reference charts that define normative microstructural and macrostructural properties across the human lifespan for research and clinical diagnosis.

When senescent cells accumulate during adulthood they negatively influence lifespan and promote age-dependent changes in several organs; clearance of these cells delayed tumorigenesis in mice and attenuated age-related deterioration of several organs without overt side effects, suggesting that the therapeutic removal of senescent cells may be able to extend healthy lifespan.

The cellular origin and developmental trajectory of DICER1 syndrome-associated tumors are currently unknown. Here, the authors employ a lineage-traceable genetically modified mouse model for DICER1 syndrome to identify universal fibroblasts as the likely cellular origin of mouse Dicer1 sarcoma and map their developmental trajectory, findings that are validated in human DICER1 mesenchymal tumors.

Gene editing technologies enable precise DNA modifications but remain limited by efficiency, precision of intended edits, and flexibility. Here, authors develop chimeric oligonucleotide-directed and Cas polymerase-based systems that enhance programmable gene correction across cells and embryos.

Radiation and conduction are generally considered as the main energy transport mechanisms for the evolution of early supernova remnants. Here the authors experimentally show the role of electron heat transfer on the growth of Rayleigh–Taylor instability in young supernova remnants.

MethylVI enhances analyses of single-cell bisulfite sequencing methylomic data via a deep generative model that accounts for the unique technical and biological sources of variability in this data modality.

Mapping DNA variants that modulate mortality using a starting population of 6,438 young mice defined 29 distinct loci that influence lifespan and mortality with divergent age- and sex-specific effects, as well as 30 loci that specifically couple body mass with longevity.

Jayaram et al. assessed the performance of the combination of circulating tumor DNA and serum prostate-specific antigen for dynamic monitoring of metastatic prostate cancer at first-line treatment in this prospective observational clinical trial.

Using warming microcosms across 100 paired sites, a global meta-analysis and microbiome manipulation experiments, this study shows that agricultural microbiomes confer higher compositional and multifunctionality resistance to warming and can transfer this resistance to natural soils.

Tumours with alterations in SWI/SNF complex have elevated EZH2 activity, which is associated with poor prognosis and tumour progression. Here, the authors report a phase 2 basket study investigating the safety and efficacy of oral tazemetostat (EZH2 inhibitor) in patients with solid tumours harbouring SWI/SNF driver mutations.

Zhang et al. develop a non-invasive, genotype-informed digital twin framework to predict optimal ventricular tachycardia ablation targets in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Predicted targets align with clinical ablation lesions, capture cumulative lesions in repeat procedures, and yield smaller ablation volumes.

Psychedelics have therapeutic potential, yet their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, authors show that psilocin increased PVT and PVT◄CeA activity in female rats, revealing sexspecific effects on thalamo-limbic circuitry and behavior.

Here they identify TBL/R1 as regulator of insulin levels and pancreatic β-cell identity. Mice with β-cell TBL/R1 deficiency display diabetes and interactome screens reveal a regulatory network including PAX6, verified in human β-cells.

PD-L2 can bind the immune checkpoint PD-1. However, its potential as a therapeutic target for immune checkpoint blockade in cancer has not been extensively explored. Here, the authors demonstrate that αPD-L2 is effective in aged, but not young, melanoma murine models.

Authors demonstrate layer-selective conductor–insulator transitions in twisted bilayer graphene driven by hydrogenation, realising an electrochemical interface with two decoupled 2D electron gases that enables configurable logic gates.

The mechanisms that impact tumorigenesis during aging are incompletely understood. Here Shuldiner et al. show that in mice, aging represses KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis and dampens the impact of inactivating many tumor suppressor genes, which may contribute to the deceleration in cancer incidence with extreme age in humans.

The carbon sink of tropical forests is in part constrained by biomass turnover. This study assesses aboveground biomass turnover in the Amazon and finds that convective storms are the main driver of spatial variation in turnover and future climate impacts will lead to accelerated biomass turnover.