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The authors developed a microfluidic human stem cell model of the embryonic spinal cord. The model mimics complete dorsoventral patterning, reveals new retinoic acid-BMP signaling crosstalk, and enables direct tracking of neural crest cell migration.

The clinical benefit from immunotherapy response in patients with mutations of genes forming the chromatin remodelling complex PBAF remains controversial. Here the authors show that PBAF complex mutations are not associated with favourable response in pan-cancer cohorts of patients treated with immune-checkpoint blockade.

The contribution of genetic factors to the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) remains to be investigated. Here, the authors suggest the role of TIME eQTLs for target genes involved in reversing immune suppressive features.

Barney Miao and colleagues present a vibration-based sensing system that evaluates the quality of biopolymer-bound soil composite while wet. This enables monitoring of strength gain and early detection of defects to support efficient and scalable manufacturing.

It remains to be seen if high-T_c superconductors rely on similar Fermi-surface instabilities as their BCS counterparts. Miao et al. study the high-T_c compound LiFe_1−xCo_xAs with high-resolution ARPES and find a robust gap with Co doping that suggests the order parameter is not tied to such instabilities.

Electrochemical CO reduction to multi-carbon products offers a carbon-negative approach to produce chemicals, but the intricate reaction pathways lead to a broad spectrum of products. Now it has been shown that alkali cations alter the mechanistic pathways that govern the reaction selectivity involved in the formation of hydrocarbons versus oxygenates.

Here, the authors develop AMPLiT a tool for screening antimicrobial peptides in metagenomic datasets, and apply it to human coprolite metagenomes, finding that Segatella copri, an ancient prevalent human gut bacterium declined in modern populations, harbors unexplored antimicrobial reservoir, offering an alternative approach against modern pathogenic infections.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Paired electrosynthesis is an efficient green process that minimizes resource and energy consumption as well as waste generation. The authors demonstrate an electrolysis system that pairs CO₂ reduction to CO at the cathode with allyl alcohol oxidation to acrolein at the anode.

Bacteria use diverse defence systems against phages, including a 164-residue prophage-encoded protein, Rip1, which senses conserved phage assembly rings to form membrane pores that block virion maturation and trigger premature host cell death.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Miao et al. show that loss of neuronal Vps13d in mice leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, GSDME-mediated mitochondrial DNA release, cGAS–STING inflammatory signaling and activation of microglia, culminating in neuronal loss.

The chemistry of hetero[8]circulenes has been limited to three main types, constrained by synthetic challenges in creating unsymmetrical variants. Herein, the authors introduce an electrochemical approach to a type of hetero[8]circulene, featuring five hexagons and three pentagons, and explore its application as an organophotocatalyst.

Here, the authors employed 19 F NMR and Gaussian accelerated MD simulations to determine the conformational landscape of the adenosine-A2A receptor and mini-Gαsβγ complex, enabling determination of an intermediate structure of the complex with cryoEM.

Machine learning predicts Cu-Al electrocatalysts provide better efficiency and productivity than copper when using intermittent renewable electricity to convert carbon dioxide to useful chemicals and fuels.

The 4D Nucleome Project demonstrates the use of genomic assays and computational methods to measure genome folding and then predict genomic structure from DNA sequence, facilitating the discovery of potential effects of genetic variants, including variants associated with disease, on genome structure and function.

Ciofani and colleagues examine the plasticity of Tγδ17 cells in the gut, where they identify a role for the AP-1 transcription factors JUNB and FOSL2 in restricting type 1 plasticity.

The nature of localized interlayer excitons (LIXs) in moiré superlattices is still elusive Here, the authors propose a donor-acceptor pair mechanism for LIXs in MoSe₂/WSe₂ heterobilayers.

Electrochemical CO_x reduction to multi-carbon products is hindered by low energy efficiency, in part due to sluggish ion transport across charge-selective membranes used in electrolysers. Here the authors use a porous, non-charge-selective separator that enhances ion transport and improves performance for CO electrolysis.

Trans-ancestry meta-analysis of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from 1,046,070 individuals identifies 264 associated loci, providing a resource of molecular targets for translational research of chronic kidney disease.

Here the authors use a range of approaches to examine the interplay between genetic variants linked to risk for polygenic skin diseases and transcription factors (TFs) important for skin homeostasis. The findings implicate dysregulated binding of specific TF families in risk for diverse skin diseases.

A transverse Peierls transition can occur when transverse acoustic phonons couple with conducting p-orbital electrons. Here, the authors observe an incommensurate transverse Peierls transition and signatures of a chiral charge density wave in EuAl₄.

We report an S_NV reaction, a rare nucleophilic substitution that involves electronically unbiased vinyl electrophiles, which allows the synthesis of cross-conjugated polyenes and bioactive compounds with multi-substituted alkenes.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

In a meta-analysis of 48 randomized trials of chronic kidney disease progression, reduction in the 6-month urinary albumin:creatinine ratio was associated with lower hazard ratios of established kidney disease endpoints, supporting the use of albuminuria change as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials for chronic kidney disease.

The nature of unconventional charge density wave in kagome metals is currently under intense debate. Here the authors report the coexistence of the 2 × 2 × 1 charge density wave in the kagome sublattice and the Sb 5p-electron assisted 2 × 2 × 2 charge density waves in CsV₃Sb₅.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and plasticity due to interplay with neural developmental programs. Here, the authors develop a model of GBM by introducing sequential oncogenic mutations in human neural stem cells and using this, identify INSM1 as a driver of a neural progenitor gene network promoting tumorigenesis.

The authors report that, in mice without hepatic insulin signaling, diets high in fructose cause acute hepatic steatosis without increasing hepatic de novo lipogenesis, dependent upon hepatic follistatin secretion and associated adipose insulin resistance.

Circulating tumour cells can be useful for monitoring disease progression but how they survive in the circulatory system is unclear. Here, the authors use single-cell sequencing of circulating tumour cells from multiple vascular sites in liver cancer patients and identify genes that may help the cells survive.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Electron-phonon coupling is thought to be too weak to be responsible for the superconducting Cooper pairing of the kagome metals AV₃Sb₅, but an experimental measurement is lacking. Here, the authors use ARPES measurements to find that electron-phonon coupling in CsV₃Sb₅ is strong enough to support the experimental superconducting transition.

The interplay between magnetism and charge density wave in the kagome magnet FeGe is under debate. By using elastic and inelastic X-ray scattering, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and first principles calculations, Miao et al. propose that the charge density wave is stabilized by spin-phonon coupling.

Finite momentum superconducting pairing refers to a class of unconventional superconducting states where Cooper pairs acquire a non-zero momentum. Here the authors report a new superconducting state in bulk 4Hb-TaS₂, where magnetic fields induce finite momentum pairing via magnetoelectric coupling.

A subset of CpG Island promoter genes are regulated by Polycomb-Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2⁺-CGI), which become DNA hypermethylated and silenced in cancer. Here, the authors investigate the transcriptomic and epigenomic characteristics of PRC2-occupied CGI and free CGI across pan-cancer types.

The authors explore the impact of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) on human genetic disease and cancer immunotherapy by applying the rules of NMD across the genome as a resource called NMDetective.

Reproducibility, traceability, and transparency have been long-standing issues in metabolomics data analysis. Here, the authors present tidyMass, an R-based computational framework that allows designing traceable, shareable, and reproducible data processing and analysis workflows for untargeted metabolomics.

The understanding of charge density wave (CDW) correlations in cuprate superconductors remains hampered due to the lack of scattering phase information. Here, Chen et al. discover a reproducible CDW domain memory effect upon repeated cycling to temperatures well above the CDW ordering temperature.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

X-chromosomal genetic variants are understudied but can yield valuable insights into sexually dimorphic human traits and diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, the authors perform a sex-stratified, cross-ancestry X-chromosome-wide association meta-analysis of seven kidney-related traits, with results including identification of four novel loci associated with the CKD-defining trait eGFR.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) electroreduction is a sustainable way to reduce the carbon footprint of producing carbon-based chemicals. This work analyses voltage distributions within CO₂ electrolysers, identifies the sources of inefficiencies and highlights opportunities for system optimization.

Mechanisms of clonal evolution in myeloid neoplasms remain incompletely understood. Darwinian theory predicts that the (micro)environment of clone-propagating stem cells may contribute to clonal selection. Here, authors provide data fitting this model, establishing a relationship between stromal niche inflammation, inflammatory stress in HSPCs, clonal resistance and leukemic evolution in human myelodysplastic syndrome.

Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UCAR) is associated with various clinical outcomes such as kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Here, the authors report genome-wide meta-analysis in over 500,000 individuals and find 68 UACR loci, followed by statistical fine-mapping, gene prioritization and experimental validation in flies.

Topological effects, first observed in condensed matter physics, are now also studied in optical systems, extending the scope to active topological devices. Here, Zhao et al. combine topological physics with non-Hermitian photonics, demonstrating a topological microlaser on a silicon platform.

A purely organic crystalline two-dimensional mechanically interlocked polymer comprising [c2]daisy chain units forms via preorganized crystallization and thiol–ene click chemistry. This polymer network can be exfoliated to give nanosheets with a 47-fold stiffness enhancement relative to the bulk parent.