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The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant escapes neutralization by antibodies targeting the pan-coronavirus epitope in a spike fusion intermediate via steric hindrance, but reducing the antibody size overcomes this barrier and expands its range of accessible targets.

Difference frequency generation (DFG) is promising for wavelength conversion and signal amplification, but is limited by low conversion efficiencies. Here, the authors demonstrate broadband and high-efficiency DFG under adapted poling implementation.

The OCTCube models integrate optical coherence tomography and other imaging modalities to achieve state-of-the-art performance in predicting retinal diseases with strong generalizability across cohorts, devices and modalities.

We develop a method for high-density vertical stacking of active-device multi-layers, implementing memory and logic functions, using unique VIP-FETs where a van der Waals intercalation layer modulates the p- or n-type nature of the FETs.

Temporal processing and robustness to noise are challenges in current spiking neural networks. Drawing on principles of neural oscillations, the authors introduce Rhythm-SNN, which enhances temporal processing and robustness while significantly reducing energy consumption.

FinFETs are an evolution of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) featuring a semiconducting channel vertically wrapped by conformal gate electrodes. Here, the authors use a two-dimensional semiconductor to push the FinFET width to sub-nm whilst achieving a 107 ON/OFF ratio.

The electron-electron interactions between carriers of adjacent 2D electronic systems can influence their transport properties and generate a Coulomb drag effect. Here, the authors show that Coulomb drag can be used as a probe of the electronic compressibility of graphene at high temperatures, where conventional magnetotransport measurements are not as sensitive.

This work reports a Lewis-acid coordinated strategy to improve stability of a 4.8 V-class PEO-based battery. The batteries using Lewis-acid coordinated electrolytes and Ni-rich cathodes achieve high voltage stability of 4.8 V over 300 cycles.

Engineering human microglia with a Down-syndrome-linked myeloid gene variant resists tau-induced dysfunction and protects neurons in chimeric brains, offering proof of concept for transformative microglial replacement therapies in Alzheimer’s disease.

This study presents the difference in oxidation potential between metals and carbon as a thermodynamic factor for designing multielement heterostructures. A roll-to-roll carbothermal shock technology is developed to achieve one-step synthesis and continuous manufacturing of the multielement heterostructures.

LepR⁺ cells senescence is a driver of aging-induced bone marrow homeostasis collapse. Here, Li et al. report a LepR⁺ cell-targeting nitric oxide (NO) nanopump for rejuvenation of senescent LepR⁺ cells via activation of glycolysis signaling to reestablish homeostasis of the aged bone marrow.

Photonic memristor arrays fabricated from hexagonal boron nitride/silicon heterostructures provide a scalable, silicon-compatible solution for artificial vision systems, featuring broad spectral reconfigurability and promising performance characteristics.

Endothelial injury drives vascular diseases like atherosclerosis, but key regulators are unclear. Here, the authors show that endothelial major vault protein (MVP) acts as an intracellular regulator promoting Parkin-mediated mitophagy, thereby antagonizing vascular remodeling and suggesting its role as a potential therapeutic target.

Continuous industrialization and human activities have led to severe water quality deterioration. Here, a structure-function integrated system is developed by Douglas fir wood inspired metamaterial catalysts with robust and high throughput water purification performances.

Solid-state sodium batteries represent more sustainable options as they combine resource abundance with safety. This work advances their performance, particularly fast cycling lifespan, to an unprecedented level utilizing a hybrid electrolyte.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney failure. This study shows that prolonged glucagon exacerbates lipid accumulation, promoting renal injury in early DKD, rather than lipid oxidation. Targeting glucagon signaling significantly inhibits DKD progression.

China’s second phase of clean air actions proved less effective than the first, highlighting the need to adapt and update policies to enable continued progress, according to an assessment combining chemical transport modelling and emission inventories.

This work proposes a zirconate titanate-based optical memristor that integrates non-volatility and ultrafast modulation within a single device, bridging the gap between high-speed photonics and nonvolatile memory, demonstrating the potential applications in a broad spectrum of scenarios.

Local structure control is challenging in high entropy alloy (HEA) catalysts. Here, the authors report finely tailoring the local clustering in HEA catalysts through rational composition design and sequential pulse annealing, achieving enhanced activity and stability for ethanol electrooxidation.

With increasing reliance on public data sources, researchers are concerned whether low-quality or even adversarial data could have detrimental effects on medical models. Yang et al. developed Scorpius, a malicious text generator, to investigate whether large language models can mislead medical knowledge graphs. They show that a single generated paper abstract can mislead a medical reasoning system that has read millions of papers.

Colloidal liquid crystals account for various applications due to the combination of characteristics relevant for liquid crystals and colloids. The authors elaborate the impact of concave geometry on the properties of colloidal liquid crystals for development of functional materials.

Here, the authors fabricate hybrid van der Waals heterostructures based on 2D tessellations of DNA origami thin films, graphene and boron nitride, showing that the DNA films can induce periodic superlattices at the interface and modulate the electronic properties of the samples.

Metabolic diseases are associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. Here the authors show that major vault protein (MVP) suppresses NF-κB signalling in macrophages via an IRAK1–TRAF6 axis and that loss of MVP in myeloid cells exacerbates the inflammatory response in mice fed a high fat diet.

Designing promoters with desired properties is crucial in synthetic biology. Here, authors introduce DeepSEED, an AI-aided flanking sequence optimisation framework which combines expert knowledge with deep learning techniques to efficiently design promoters in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Macrophage TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is implicated in a range of immunopathology. Here the authors show TIGAR drives inflammation and sepsis via activation of TAK1 and that disruption of TIGAR-TAK1 interaction in a murine model of sepsis reduces immunopathology.

Traditional machine learning methods for drug development struggle with bioactivity prediction due to the limited number of compounds in each assay and assay incompatibilities. Feng et al. developed ActFound, a bioactivity foundation model trained by pairwise learning and meta-learning, that improves the accuracy and generalization of bioactivity prediction.

Delivering gene editing materials to the brain for glioblastoma therapy can boost the efficacy of chemotherapy. Here the authors reduce resistance to temozolomide using a reactive oxygen species-sensitive polymer-locking fusogenic liposome that can cross the blood–brain barrier and deliver short interfering RNA or CRISPR–Cas to glioblastoma with high specificity.

Some atomically thin crystals feature crystallographic anisotropy, but demonstrations of electrical anisotropy are scarce. Here, the authors show that the electrical conductivity of few-layered GaTe along the x and y directions can be widely gate tuned up to 10³, and demonstrate anisotropic non-volatile memory behavior.

The authors report a large-scale single-shot millimeter-wave imaging technique for low-cost high-fidelity security inspection. Experiments demonstrated successful detection of concealed centimeter-sized targets with order-of-magnitude cost reduction.

Clean air actions affect air quality greatly. Here, the authors report widespread decreases in organic aerosol (OA) in China from 2013 to 2020 with primary OA decreasing more than secondary OA. However, further reductions are challenging.

Low current densities can be used modulate the magnetism of Co₃Sn₂S₂—a magnetic Weyl semimetal—via spin-transfer-torque-assisted domain wall motion.

Here, the authors explore how Ni single-atom sites on carbon nitride evolve under photocatalytic conditions. They show that this evolution plays a pivotal role in enhancing photocatalytic H₂O₂ production.

Here, the authors report evidence of unconventional correlated insulating states in bilayer graphene/CrOCl heterostructures over wide doping ranges and demonstrate their application for the realization of low-temperature logic inverters.

The structural complexity of glycans seriously challenges the currently available analytical methods. Here, the authors report the identification of glycan isomers, glycans with varying chain lengths, and distinct branched glycans, via a glycan derivatization strategy and nanopore sensing.

Supported metal catalysts suffer from rapid degradation under harsh conditions. Here, the authors report a hydrogenated borophene-triggered synthesis method to prepare carbon supported Pt and multielement Pt based intermetallic catalysts with enhanced catalytic activity and durability for oxygen reduction reaction.

Traditional hydrogenation of aromatics requires high temperatures and pressures. Here, the authors present a PdPtRuCuNi high entropy alloy nanocatalyst that achieves 100% hydrogenation of solid aromatics at 25 °C without the need for solvents.

The cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human noradrenaline transporter in both the apo state and bound to substrates or antidepressant drugs are resolved.

Yin and colleagues show that hepatic aldolase B suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by controlling tumor metabolic reprogramming through G6PD inhibition.

Surface superconductivity in a Dirac semimetal remains rarely studied. Here, Huang and Zhou et al. report the evidence of proximity-induced surface superconductivity in a superconductor/Dirac semimetal hybrid system Nb/Cd₃As₂.

Poor antitumor response of pancreatic cancer to immunotherapies is a major barrier to effective disease management. Herein we show that pancreatic cancers overexpress vasoactive intestinal peptide, and pharmacological inhibition of its signaling significantly enhances responsiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to immune checkpoint therapy, thus improving overall survival in mouse models.

Current methods to construct helical chiral molecules for asymmetric catalysis almost entirely rely on catalytic enantiocontrolled fused-ring system extension. Herein, the authors report a direct terminal peri-functionalization strategy, which allows for efficient assembling of substituted carbohelicenes via an organocatalyzed enantioselective amination reaction.

Small solute carriers remain difficult to study by single particle cryo-EM. Here, the authors report the cryo-EM structure of human insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 (55 kDa) without rigid soluble domains or binders.

Hanwen Luo and colleagues report a device-compatible ultra-high-order quantum noise stream cipher encrypted method. The approach flexibly regulates the data transmission rate and security performance of high-speed long-distance communications networks.