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Foundation models trained on DNA sequences have the potential to transform genomics, but systematic evaluations are scarce. Here, the authors benchmark five DNA foundation models across diverse genomic tasks, revealing key factors influencing their performance and practical application.

An approach that integrates electrochemical CO₂ reduction and biological denitrification provides a new solution for nitrogen removal, where the formate obtained from CO₂ is used directly as the carbon source in the denitrification process in wastewater treatment.

Control of spins down to the atomic scale is a major goal for spin-based information processing. Here, Kot et al. demonstrate electric control over the spin-resonance transitions of a single TiH molecule placed on a surface of MgO by exploiting the electric field between the scanning tunnelling microscopy tip and the sample.

Exploiting the polariton-enhanced Purcell effect in tandem organic light-emitting diodes enables deep-blue-emitting devices with an external quantum efficiency of 36.8% and an LT90 lifetime of 830 h at an initial luminance of 500 cd m⁻². These metrics are increased to 56% and 1,800 h with substrate light outcoupling.

Detection of somatic mobile element insertions (MEIs), particularly those with low mosaicism, remains a significant challenge. This study presents RetroNet, a deep learning method that transforms sequencing reads into images to detect somatic MEIs, enabling accurate discovery of rare insertions with very low read support.

The evolutionary diversification of an exocyst subunit was enabled by electrostatic shifts leading to its dissociation from the ancestral complex.

The mechanisms governing the termination and subsequent reinitiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) remain poorly understood. Here, the authors suggest that RPB7 recruits CTDP1 to dephosphorylate Pol II, enhancing its protein stability and facilitating efficient reinitiation.

LaFleur, Milling et al. perform an in vivo CRISPR screen of CD8⁺ T cells responding to tumors. They identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1 as a potent negative regulator of CD8⁺ T cell responses in tumors.

Excitation-dependent multicolour emission is desirable, but hard to obtain. Here, the authors report the development of a molecular symmetry breaking strategy to all excitation-dependent multicolour emissions from one chemical entity.

Polariton-enhanced Purcell effects can be used to reduce the triplet density in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes, thereby extending their operational lifetimes by decreasing the annihilation of high-energy, long-lived blue triplets.

The authors optimize the in-plane thermoelectric performance of n-type SnSe by crystal symmetry modification. In particular, they find that Te and Mo alloying continuously enhances the crystal symmetry, thereby increasing the carrier mobility.

In this work, the authors report the full-length structure of the attachment glycoprotein from Langya Henipavirus, which could enhance the understanding of emerging Henipavirus and provide important clues for vaccine development in the future.

Manipulating the internal interactions within biological fibers to tune macroscopic properties is important but challenging, and can limit applications. Here, the authors report the use of dynamic imine chemistry for engineering molecular interactions and forming strong and tough protein fibers.

A visible stimulated Raman scattering microscope with extensive pulse chirping in combination with a deep-learning-based denoiser and Fourier reweighting leads to highly sensitive, label-free imaging of cell metabolism at the nanoscale.

The alveoli of the lung are formed through the coordination of multiple cell types to yield a large surface area for gas exchange. Here they show that heparan sulfate plays essential roles in lung myofibroblasts to maintain MAPK signaling and the alveolar niche.

The authors develop overtone photothermal microscopy that leverages a pump-probe detection of second overtone vibrations within the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) window. This technique complements existing large-scale SWIR imaging approaches, offering enhanced resolution and sensitivity for bioimaging applications.

The pilot phase of PigGTEx, re-analyzing 5,457 published RNA-seq samples, presents a pan-tissue catalog of molecular quantitative trait loci. Cross-species comparisons identify traits with shared genetic regulation in humans.

Monitoring of biomarkers with wearable devices holds potential for personal health management. Here the authors demonstrate a wearable device based on tetrahedral DNA nanostructures and prokaryotic argonaute to monitor real-time sepsis-associated nucleic acid

The presence of breast cancer stem cells is associated with therapy resistance in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, the authors identify KK-LC-1-mediated YAP signaling as a driver of TNBC stemness and develop a therapeutic molecule to target this axis in preclinical models of TNBC.

The crystal structure of the full-length human glucagon receptor reveals the essential role of the 12-residue ‘stalk’ segment and an extracellular loop in the regulation of ligand binding and receptor activation.

The instability of lipid nanoparticles during nebulization hinders inhaled mRNA vaccines. Here, the authors report on a charge-assisted stabilization strategy using a peptide-lipid conjugate to improve lipid nanoparticle stability, enabling mRNA-based mucosal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and lung cancer.

The study of viruses relies on the detection of viral proteins or viral nucleic acids. Here, the authors present a widefield interferometric defocus-enhanced mid-infrared photothermal (WIDE-MIP) microscope for high-throughput fingerprinting of single viruses.

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription factories play a central role in gene expression and 3D chromatin organization. Here, the authors demonstrate that RUVBL2 directly regulates Pol II clustering at active gene promoters.

Power generation from heat to electricity can be realized by thermoelectric materials. Here, the authors improve the thermoelectric properties in PbSe enabled by multiple bands convergence and strong phonon scattering.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important in plant-microbe interactions. Here we show that the divergent sequences within tetraspanins localized at EV membranes enable plant innate immune system to distinguish between self and non-self EVs.

The authors employ a polygon-based ultrafast delay scanner and a deep learning framework for acquiring stimulated Raman scattering spectrum with high spectral and temporal resolution. They demonstrate high-speed imaging and tracking of multiple biomolecules in the fingerprint region.

Volatile aldehydes can be enriched in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients’ breath. Here, the authors reveal corresponding metabolic changes in EAC tumours, which may be caused by impaired detoxification of endogenous metabolites.

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy enables label-free chemical imaging at high speed, but has been limited by low sensitivity. Here, the authors demonstrate plasmon-enhanced SRS microscopy and achieve single molecule detection sensitivity.

Elevated PDHB expression is closely linked to tumor progression and poor prognosis. PDHB mediates metabolic reprogramming by binding to the promoter regions of SLC2A1, GPI and PKM2, thus promoting glycolysis-related gene transcription.

OPCML is a tumour suppressor gene that is epigenetically silenced in ovarian cancer and is somatically mutated in various cancers. Here, the authors solve the X-ray crystal structure of OPCML and model clinically relevant mutations that could contribute to tumorigenesis.

Phytophthora pathogens manipulate host plant immune responses by secreting effector proteins into plant cells. Here, Jing et al. show that the Phytophthora sojaeAvh262 effector negatively regulates plant resistance by binding to host BiP proteins and suppressing ER-stress induced cell death