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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Ma, Li, and colleagues present a virtual tissue staining method that overcomes data mismatch by separating image generation from spatial alignment. This approach produces highly accurate diagnostic images that expert pathologists cannot distinguish from real chemical stains.

Decoding skin gases can reveal a lot about our health. Here, the authors introduce a monolithic AI-powered wearable ring designed to non-invasively monitor dermal volatile-organic-compounds associated with diet-related metabolism.

Molecular devices offer the potential for the scalability and energy efficiency required to develop energy-sustainable AI. Zhang et al. report a single-molecule neuromorphic device that consumes 6.34 aJ per operation and support both short-term to long-term memory, featuring over 10 distinct conductance states.

Li et al. identify small spherical vesicles budding from plant multivesicular bodies as likely retrograde carriers and demonstrate that SNX proteins drive their formation, revealing a distinct mechanism for protein recycling during plant development.

Leveraging multi-element symbiosis, protective interfacial nanolayers are engineered in an intermetallic alloy. This results in a high fatigue limit of ~1,100 MPa, far exceeding that of conventional intermetallic alloys.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) rely on morphological optimization for high efficiency. The authors show cyclobutyl-mediated interchain supramolecular interactions among acceptors, suppressing electron-phonon coupling and optimizing acceptor alloy phase morphology in ternary OSCs to achieve efficiencies approaching 21%.

Type I interferons play important in the innate immune response to HIV-1 infection. Here the authors suggest that nuclear RNA binding protein ZFP36L2 is induced by interferon-β and acts to restrict the nuclear export of HIV-1 transcripts.

In this study, the authors identify an Aurka–Bhlhe41 axis, which prevents microglia from aging-like dysfunction by limiting CD22 upregulation, preserving myelin debris clearance and remyelination, and highlighting a potential therapy target for neurodegeneration.

Thermogenic adipocytes are a potential therapy to combat obesity, although the process underlying their activation remains unclear. Here, the authors use epigenetic profiling to demonstrate RUNX1 and RUNX2 inhibit thermogenesis by distinct mechanisms.

Superionic conductors are typically engineered from static crystal structures. Here, authors present how flexible polyanion rotations induce dynamic disorder in lithium sublattice, enabling liquid-like ion diffusion and enhanced ionic conductivity.

Traditional recycling of polyoxymethylene plastic often leads to significant material loss and toxic emissions. Here, the authors introduce an acidic electrochemical process that efficiently converts plastic waste into valuable chemicals with conversion efficiency approaching 90%.

Large language models appear aligned, yet harmful pretraining knowledge persists as latent patterns. Here, the authors prove current alignment creates only local safety regions, leaving global adversarial paths intact, and empirically show widespread vulnerability across leading aligned models.

Environmental Robustness Index is established to bridge the gap between laboratory and field performance of solar evaporation technologies. Design principles for managing heat transport enable stable water production in diverse climatic conditions.

Super spreading events are considered important contributors to the spread of COVID−19, but the extent to which superspreading varies by transmission setting is unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate heterogeneity in superspreading and the generation interval between COVID−19 cases in different settings using data from Hong Kong.

Self-aggregation in self-assembled monolayers adversely affects on hole transport performance in inverted perovskite solar cells. To address this issue, Shen et al. propose an indole/carbazole co-adsorption strategy to construct phase-homogeneous monolayers featuring alternating molecular arrangements.

Researchers boosted the thermoelectric performance of the ionic-bonded compound MnTe by manipulating chemical bonding, achieving improved TE conversion efficiency and zT values via increased electron delocalization and suppressed phonon transport.

This study reports selective CO₂ reduction to ethanol in pure water under natural sunlight using a carefully designed Cuδ⁺O/boron nitride flower heterostructured photocatalyst.

Coronary artery disease has several genetic risk factors. Here, the authors develop a model that combines germline and somatic genetic drivers to predict coronary artery disease risk, identifying high-risk individuals not detected by polygenic risk scores alone.

The authors propose a local structure design to overcome the restrictive relationship between polarization behavior and electric field durability, yielding an ultrahigh Wrec of 14.5 J cm^-3, which offers a feasible route for the cutting-edge energy-storage applications.

Time crystals, which break time translation symmetry, have garnered significant interest in both quantum and classical systems due to their potential applications and fundamental implications. This study demonstrates the emergence of classical discrete space-time crystals in chiral liquid crystals, revealing the behavior of Majorana-like quasiparticles within facilitating period-doubling phenomena across various conditions.

Haptic interfaces for full-body scale requires a balance of high-resolution tactile simulation and breathability. Here, the authors present a breathable, full-body electrical stimulation suit for prolonged use in extended reality applications.

Au nanowires with an unconventional hexagonal close-packed (4H) phase stabilize the 4H-phase high-entropy alloys grown epitaxially on their surface through a facile chemical synthesis. The resulting core–shell nanostructures demonstrate promising overall water electrolysis performance.

A soft three-dimensional core–shell cable can form reliable free-standing interconnects between soft, rigid and hybrid electronic components, and can be stretched by up to around 800%.

Developing efficient battery electrolytes is a slow and complex challenge. Here, authors create a deep active learning framework that rapidly identifies high-performance materials and transfers knowledge to new designs, tripling battery lifespan while requiring significantly fewer experiments.

The authors developed a recombinant protein mimicking platelet function by binding to injury sites and forming fibrin networks via thrombin capture. It safely reduced bleeding in trauma and chemotherapy mouse models.

Understanding the biological functions of the RNA modification pseudouridine relies on robust methods to map its distribution. Here, the authors identify a methyltransferase that specifically labels this modification and develop a pulldown approach to enrich modified RNAs, enabling transcriptome-wide profiling of pseudouridine sites.

Conventional rechargeable zinc-air batteries face slow kinetics and thermodynamic incompatibility. Here, the authors propose a dual-cathode zinc-ethylene glycol/air battery, enabling concurrent efficient electricity generation and electro-reforming of plastic wastes into high-value C2 chemicals.

Here, the authors show that multiplex autism spectrum disorder (ASD) families share more gut bacterial strains than healthy families, with distinct strain-sharing patterns highlighting how family environments shape microbial configurations in ASD.

Conversion-type batteries face performance decay under high loading due to shuttle effects and sluggish kinetics. Here, authors introduce an f-d orbital tag-team catalysis mechanism using cerium single-atom catalysts, achieving a competitive iodine loading of 44.7 mg cm⁻² and an areal capacity of 10.2 mAh cm⁻² in zinc–iodine batteries.

Chu, Chung et al. quantify the clinical utility of genome sequencing (GS) using the Clinician-reported Genetic testing Utility InDEx (C-GUIDE) in a diverse cohort from the Hong Kong Genome Project. Findings reveal the highest utility in psychosocial benefits, highlighting that the value of GS is driven more by test results than by patient characteristics.

Self-assembled hole-selective molecules can enable high performance in perovskite solar cells, but controlling the hole extraction efficiency is challenging. Tianyu Li et al. address this by designing molecules that adopt a quasi-random orientation on the substrate.

RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is typically considered as an essential enzyme. Here the authors show that natural degradation of RNAPII drives chromatin reorganization in growing oocytes, preparing the chromatin for genome activation after fertilization.

The study introduces polyethyleneimine as an additive in a thermocell, enhancing thermopower from 1.4 to 7.76 mV/K. It achieves long-term stability and scalability by enabling thermosensitive adsorption-desorption, selective reactions, and Manning condensation, converting low-grade heat to electricity efficiently.

CRISPR–Cas tools enable genome regulation but are often too large for efficient AAV delivery. Here, authors engineer a compact enhanced TnpB–ωRNA system (enTnpB) as a versatile genome regulation platform and develop a single-AAV regimen, ImmunAct, to activate endogenous cytokines and enhance cancer immunotherapy.

Sunlight triggers ammonium chloride in aerosols to produce Cl₂ gas, explaining 12-55% of daytime levels. This chlorine source, boosted by black carbon, impacts atmospheric oxidation.

Authors reconstruct the molecular evolution of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in East Asia. SFTSV splits into two lineages with diversity driven by segment-specific reassortment; transmission occurs via distinct networks.

Real-time spectrum sensing (RT-SS) is essential for 6G networks to dynamically manage spectral resources and support integrated sensing and communication. Here, the authors develop a thin film lithium niobate photonic system for wideband RT-SS up to 120 GHz with nanosecond-level latency.

E. coli is common in humans, animals and the environment but the extent of circulation between ecological niches is unclear. Here, the authors sample ~1,000 E. coli strains from different urban aquatic ecosystems in Hong Kong and describe genomic relatedness of markers of antimicrobial resistance.

A graphene-inspired porous polymer network acts as a molecular sieve, efficiently separating ethane from ethylene and purifying methane. Its finely tuned pores deliver record selectivity, offering a new path toward cleaner and energy-efficient natural gas processing.

Bio-interfaced applications are limited by the transfer of soft electronic devices onto high curvature and fragile surfaces. Here, the authors develop a stress-responsive transfer fluid that enables distortion-free, adhesion-switchable transfer for conformal integration and stable real-time bioelectronic sensing.

Cryo-EM structures of the Azoarcus group I intron capture its progression from pre-splicing to circular RNA products, revealing coordinated RNA rearrangements that drive catalysis and a two-step circularization pathway.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Meiotic sex chromosome inactivation is essential for spermatogenesis, but how transcription is silenced after initiation remains unclear. Here, authors show that nucleolar components NPM1, SENP3 and rRNA form a phase-separated compartment that excludes RNA polymerase II to enforce XY chromosome silencing.