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Valine metabolism disruption is linked to heart disease, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that ACAD8 deficiency drives isobutyryl-CoA accumulation and histone isobutyrylation, increasing chromatin accessibility and gene expression to promote cardiac hypertrophy, while ACAD8 overexpression reverses these effects.

This research reveals that platelet infiltration initiated by the platelet HuR-PSPF regulatory process coordinates systemic aging. Targeting platelet HuR may be a promising strategy for anti-aging interventions

Owing to the lack of precise atomic-level control offered by existing fabrication techniques over the edge structures in bilayer graphene, experimental studies on the edge effects in bilayer graphene structures have so far largely remained unexplored. Here the authors synthesize two fully cove-edged bilayer nanographenes and demonstrate their application in NIR-II bioimaging.

The authors develop a reinforcement fine-tuned generative model to design topological materials, increasing the yield of topological insulators while preserving validity. It identifies new candidates, including a large-gap topological insulator Ge₂Bi₂O₆.

Atherosclerotic carotid stenosis leads to stroke, but how perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) drives plaque instability is poorly understood. Here the authors show that PVAT harbours distinct ADSC subsets, with CD55⁺ADSCs promoting plaque angiogenesis via FGF2 and CXCL14⁺ADSCs enhancing inflammation, driving plaque destabilization.

BGT1 regulates inhibitory neurotransmission and osmotic balance by transporting GABA and betaine. Here, authors report cryo-EM structures showing how BGT1 recognizes substrates and how a new inhibitor locks the transporter in an inactive state.

Designing efficient high entropy catalysts is highly desired but remains challenging. Here, the authors report the spin state engineering to develop high-entropy Ruddlesden Popper perovskite oxides for efficient seawater splitting, with the strategy applicable to other high entropy catalysts.

Circularized polarized luminescence is promising for photonics, though balancing material and photophysical properties is challenging. Here the authors use a liquid crystal system for chiroptical applications.

The authors report a centimeter-scale untethered tripodal robot with three radial piezoelectric actuators for omnidirectional locomotion without attitude turning and cross-scale precision, enabling autonomous navigation and micro-macro inspection.

Molecular characteristics of amniote lineages can inform evolutionary inference. Here, the authors present a single-cell RNA-sequencing atlas of the chicken, which is applied to compare immune cells of chicken, turtle, duck and human, determining similarities and distinctions across amniote immune system evolution.

Polymer nanocomposites face a fundamental challenge in simultaneously enhancing strength and toughness, as current methods often compromise one for the other. Here the authors incorporate mechanically interlocked [2]rotaxane units into the interfacial layer of dynamically cross-linked polymer nanocomposites to enhance both strength and toughness.

In this work, authors show that HTLV-1 subverts the typical antiviral role of the innate immune effector protein IRF7; instead of triggering an IFN-I response, the virus uses IRF7 to promote the growth of infected cells by establishing an oncogenic IRF7-STAT5B axis via HBZ protein.

The authors introduce controlled compositional heterogeneity to broaden polarization vector distributions while preserving the antiferroelectric modulation in PbZrO₃-based ceramics. They reduce polarization hysteresis while maintaining high polarization strength.

Despite several experimental studies, implementing sensing platforms based on non-Hermitian exceptional points remains challenging. Here, the authors introduce a programmable digital electronic unit design within a non-Hermitian atomic magnetometer, overcoming technical limitations and showing enhanced sensing.

Here, the authors uncover a mechanism by which drug-target homologs mediate non-antibiotic drug effects on bacterial growth, and suggest a universal homology-based competition strategy to reverse MTX-induced microbiota dysbiosis.

The authors conducted two trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NH600001, an etomidate derivative, in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The results showed NH600001 has a sedative effect while reducing the risk of adrenocortical depression.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

This study shows that the UMOD p.H36Y mutation promotes kidney inflammation by enabling mutant tubular cells to trigger macrophage pyroptosis through the App–Cd74 pathway.

RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is typically considered as an essential enzyme. Here the authors show that natural degradation of RNAPII drives chromatin reorganization in growing oocytes, preparing the chromatin for genome activation after fertilization.

Dead metal severely inhibited the development of alkali metal batteries. Here, authors reactivated dead Na by a reverse-pulse-interspersed charging strategy, which enhanced the rate and cycle capabilities of anode-free battery, and showed wide applicability to various alkali metal batteries.

PI3K has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for serious endometrial cancer but efficacy and duration of response is limited. Here, the authors develop a serous endometrial cancer murine model driven by PIK3CA mutation, TP53 loss and MYC overexpression, identifying FGFR pathway activation as a driver of PI3K-targeted therapeutic resistance and immune suppression.

This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

This study shows that reduced Mll5 impairs microglial phagocytosis via TREM2- SGK3-GSK3β signaling, causing ASD-like behaviors in mice, while lithium chloride was shown to rescue deficits.

The efficacy and safety of albumin combined with endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke remain unclear. Here, the authors show in a randomized multicenter trial that albumin treatment reduces infarct volume growth compared with placebo without increasing safety risks.

The lack of hormone-responsive follicles is a major challenge in treating infertility related to premature ovarian insufficiency and diminished ovarian reserve. Here, the authors show that intraovarian securinine injection promotes small follicle development in aged mice and cynomolgus macaques by modulating stromal–granulosa signaling.

Molecular devices offer the potential for the scalability and energy efficiency required to develop energy-sustainable AI. Zhang et al. report a single-molecule neuromorphic device that consumes 6.34 aJ per operation and support both short-term to long-term memory, featuring over 10 distinct conductance states.

Alternative transcription start sites generate transcript diversity but are difficult to detect due to RNA degradation in 5’ scRNA-seq. Here, the authors present scATS, which corrects degradation to quantify TSS usage, improve cell clustering, and identify lung cancer-promoting TSS isoforms.

Lei et al. demonstrate that a rhizobial effector NopZ is phosphorylated by a symbiotic receptor kinase, leading to its enrichment in the nuclear/perinuclear region and promoting soybean nodulation.

Charge-transfer states with long transport distance have potential in organic optoelectronic devices, but it can be challenging to improve this. Here, the authors report the promotion of exciton transport in thermally activated delayed fluorescence cocrystals by bromine-atom functionalisation.

By quantifying surface work functions and dielectric constants of phosphors via first-principles calculations, this work provides a general strategy for predicting and achieving self-recoverable mechanoluminescence based on contact electrification.

The maternal effector NLRP14 regulates two E3 ubiquitin ligases via distinct mechanisms to prevent excessive ubiquitination and maintain protein homeostasis during the oocyte-to-embryo transition, thereby supporting successful early embryonic development.

Researchers have found that extreme hot-wet weather in 2024 triggered a spike in ecosystem respiration, mainly in tropical non-forests, significantly reducing the year’s land carbon sink and pushing the atmospheric CO2 growth rate to a record high.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

Here authors present a method combining DFT calculations with experimental synthesis to address the challenges of slow recovery and limited recyclability in chemiresistive sensing MOFs.

The authors engineer an octahedrally rigid perovskite dielectric with a dual-cubic framework and cold-sintering-enabled microstructure, enabling stable capacitive energy storage up to 270 °C.

Neuronal human glycine transporter 2 (hGlyT2) is a target for non-opioid analgesics. Here, authors present four cryo-EM structures of hGlyT2 in three states, revealing transport and allosteric inhibition mechanisms for its safer pain drug design.

Here, in a two-phase population trial, the authors show that composite polyphenols intervention could mitigate the increase in pro-inflammatory indicators associated with high microplastic exposure by modulating gut microbiota and up-regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways.

The universal properties of dimensional crossovers in quantum simulation are not yet fully characterized. To address this gap, the authors develop a quantum simulator with ultracold bosons in triangular lattices unveiling new regimes and universality classes of quantum-tothermal transitions.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

Hypothalamic POMC neurons are critical for energy balance. Here, authors show that TOX3 in these neurons regulates metabolism by promoting PTEN degradation and AKT activation, enhancing thermogenesis to protect against obesity.

Despite rapid development of model algorithms, more evidence is needed on the widespread clinical implementation of auto-segmentation tools. In this prospective, multicenter, observational trial, the authors find that AI-assisted delineation performs better than manual delineation while improving time efficiency and reducing performance metrics variability across centers and physicians with varying expertise.