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This study identifies the ER sheet protein SigmaR1 as an auxiliary translocon factor. By directly binding phosphatidylcholine and specific translocon components, SigmaR1 maintains protein and lipid homeostasis; its loss triggers lipid droplet accumulation in hepatic cells.

This study demonstrated that distinct antidepressant therapies act on a common brain network. It explains previous heterogeneous findings across therapies and may be adopted to guide precision repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

The presence of EGFR mutations and de novo MET aberrations limited response to EGFR inhibitors in patients with advance non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, the authors report a phase 2 randomised clinical trial investigating first-line osimertinib (EGFR inhibitor) plus savolitinib (c-MET inhibitor) in patients with MET-aberrant, EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC.

The authors identify 92 tick-associated viruses, including ten pathogenic to humans in northwest China and adjacent countries. They predict a significant increase of major pathogenic viruses and their vectors in high-risk regions.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

This study identifies Sec14L6 as a crucial lipid transporter that balances phosphoinositide levels between the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets, thereby promoting the formation of lipid droplets and driving fat cell differentiation.

Methionine restriction decreases fecundity and increases lifespan in flies. Here Wei et al. show that supplementing folic acid, associated with one-carbon metabolism, during methionine restriction in flies, mitigates the decline in fertility while retaining the intervention’s life-extending benefits.

How the brain adapts our movements to new conditions remains unclear. Here, the authors show that a recurrent neural network that controls its output using error-based feedback can learn to counteract a persistent perturbation using a biologically plausible plasticity rule, recapitulating key neural and behavioural features of motor adaptation.

Most of the world’s food relies on nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, but how efficiently crops use these nutrients has remained unclear globally. This study provides global-scale evidence of persistently low nutrient use efficiency with clear crop- and region-specific patterns, offering insights to guide sustainable fertilizer management.

Non-equilibrium systems with hidden states are relevant for biological systems such as molecular motors. Here the authors introduce a method for quantifying irreversibility in such a system by exploiting the fluctuations in the waiting times of time series data.

The H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain dominant in live poultry markets in China, and H9N2 AIVs with HA-Q226L, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 mutations can be transmitted between guinea pigs and between ferrets via direct contact and respiratory droplet.

This study presents a multifunctional sensor based on Te nanowires that utilizes the thermo-piezoelectric effect to achieve simultaneous sensing of strain, strain rate, and temperature.

PCBP2 is elevated in AD and forms condensates that sequester mitochondrial proteins and RBPs, disrupting mitochondrial function and the NMD of BACE1 mRNA, alongside amyloid deposition. The small molecule, CN-0928 mitigates AD pathology by inhibiting PCBP2 condensation.

The relative importance of facilitative and competitive interactions in long-term community dynamics is debated. Here, the authors show that indirect reciprocal facilitation during recruitment in woody plant communities is widespread and linked with species richness, and explore its role in the coexistence of species.

Fifty years of plankton and water samples show that the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the ocean now substantially differs from the Redfield ratio, probably reflecting a reduction in phosphorus limitation.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

DNA methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analyses on 32,851 participants identify genetic variants associated with DNA methylation at 420,509 sites in blood, resulting in a database of >270,000 independent mQTLs.

Fused N-heterocycles are structural motifs observed in natural products and bioactive compounds. Here, the authors developed divergent copper- and gold-catalyzed oxidative cyclizations of diynes to two types of tricyclic N-heterocycles and rationalized the product selectivity by theoretical calculations.

Dispersal is key to establishing patterns of cooperation. Here, the authors show that social organization is associated with levels of cooperation in Sino-Tibetan populations with strikingly different dispersal patterns.

Axially chiral compounds play an important role in areas such as asymmetric catalysis. Here, the authors report an organocatalytic asymmetric tyrosine click-like reaction, giving access to enantio enriched urazoles with restricted rotation around an N-C bond.

NCOMMS-23-44446C Vivid structural colours in butterflies are caused by photonic nanostructures scattering light, however insight into the development of such structures in vivo remains scarce. Here the authors show that actin plays a vital and direct templating role during structural colour formation in butterfly scales, providing ridge patterning mechanisms that are likely universal across lepidoptera.

A model to predict bacterial community assembly is devised on the basis of experimental data reporting competition for resources in vitro.

High tree species diversity in tropical forests is driven by reduced interspecific competition relative to intraspecific competition, as a result of the asynchronous timing of tree recruitment permitted by long and stable growing seasons.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Although the number of participants is important for phenotypic prediction accuracy in brain-wide association studies using functional MRI, scanning for at least 30 min offers the greatest cost effectiveness.

This study uncovered genetic associations with environmental sensitivity in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental traits in an international collaboration using data from more than 21,000 monozygotic twins—the largest genetic study of monozygotic twin differences to date.

A comparison of alpha diversity (number of plant species) and dark diversity (species that are currently absent from a site despite being ecologically suitable) demonstrates the negative effects of regional-scale anthropogenic activity on plant diversity.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

mRNA vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 also sensitize tumours to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

A gene that helps protect potatoes from destructive late blight is identified in a wild relative. It encodes a membrane receptor-like protein, the first discovered in this system, and makes cultivated potato plants more resistant to a broad range of pathogens.

The feasibility of satellite-assisted quantum communication is demonstrated by a field test on the ground. To supress noise due to sunlight the wavelength of 1,550 nm is chosen, and spectrum and spatial filtering technology developed.

Human TNF is required for respiratory-burst-dependent immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages but seems to be largely redundant physiologically.

Economic development and its interactions with the SDGs is an important focus for sustainable future growth. This paper develops six environmental footprint indices highlighting the synergies with human production and the SDG targets.

Galectins play vital roles in cellular functions, yet their unconventional secretion mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, Zhang et al. report that ATG9A vesicles, typically linked to autophagy, serve as carriers for galectin-9 secretion.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Defining and measuring work and heat are non-trivial tasks in the quantum regime. Here, the authors design a scheme to directly sample from the work probability distribution, and use it to verify the validity of the quantum version of the Jarzynksi identity using cold atoms on an atomic chip.

Molecular polaritons represent a versatile platform for applications, from polariton lasing and condensation to energy transfer processes. Here the authors develop a coherent and unifying theory of molecular polaritons, including complex internal structures and large molecule numbers. This clarifies radiative pumping and vibrational relaxation, facilitating the interpretation of current and future experiments.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological conditions. Using proteomics, the authors here profile the methylation substrates of PRMTs 4, 5 and 7 and characterize the roles of these enzymes in cancer-associated splicing regulation.

Understanding if lasting immune responses can be induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection is important for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, the authors show, in a cohort of 25 patients, that IgG and T cell responses, as well as neutralising antibody, are still detectable against various SARS-CoV-2 proteins 3 months post-symptom onset, while IgM levels largely wane at this time.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.