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Authors develop a general paradigm combining fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging, gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analysis to identify and quantify intracellular N-acetylglucosamine modified glycoRNAs.

Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

A genome-wide association study in rice identifies variation in SBRR1 associated with sheath blight resistance. Introducing the SBRR1-R allele into a commercial rice variety reduces yield loss under severe exposure to sheath blight disease.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

A global study using 40 years of data from 69 sites shows wetland restoration succeeds when sediment, elevation and tidal creeks align across spatial scales. About 920 km² of lost wetlands worldwide are estimated to be potentially restorable.

This study reveals temperature-dependent accumulation of RNA-DNA hybrids that compromise genome stability and contribute to fertility conversion in tms5, the most widely deployed thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) locus in rice.

This study reveals that rice roots secrete heptadecanoic acid to recruit beneficial Bacillus for defence against blast fungus, a process regulated by a MAPK pathway.

A programmable photonic quantum processor, Jiuzhang 4.0, incorporates 1,024 high-efficiency squeezed states into a hybrid spatial–temporal encoded 8,176-mode circuit.

In a phase 1 trial enrolling six patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, treatment with lipid nanoparticles designed for base editing and inactivation of PCSK9 in hepatocytes showed preliminary evidence of reduced low-density lipoprotein levels without the occurrence of serious adverse events or evidence of off-target editing.

Biogas recovery enables renewable energy production alongside waste treatment, but the climate benefits are compromised by methane leakage. Here the authors systematically assessed how to manage methane leakage for sustaining net climate benefits of wastewater biogas recovery.

Native crystallographic defects are often introduced during synthesis of battery materials, but has been overlooked. Here, using in situ synchrotron X-ray probes and electron microscopy, the authors have revealed their adverse effect during battery operation.

Understanding the genetic factors that regulate panicle architecture is important for improving rice yields. In this study, Li et al. demonstrate that the gene PTB1is critical for regulating panicle seed setting rate and pollen tube growth.

Wastewater utilities use anaerobic digestion and biogas utilization to reduce energy costs and emissions, but methane leakage can undermine both the climate benefits and project economics of these systems, especially as power grids decarbonize. Safeguarding climate integrity will require performance-based methane policies that pair robust monitoring with enforceable leakage thresholds and targeted leak detection and repair.

A blood-based signature is shown to detect blinding disease risk and discriminate among seven different diseases in multiple cohorts including more than 200,000 individuals, including prospective and population-level cohorts.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells can utilise the tumour microenvironment to metastasise to the liver. Here the authors show that hepatoctyes overexpress SLIT2 to enable premetastatic niche formation for ROBO1-positive PDAC cells to support the survival of these tumour cells in the liver.

TaHST2 negatively regulates thermotolerance in wheat as it encodes a ubiquitin hydrolase that represses heat tolerance by stabilizing TaHSC701/702. During domestication, TaHST2 was progressively suppressed to select for improved thermotolerance.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

CircPBX1 alleviates metabolic memory-associated erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats by sponging miR-195-5p, restoring YAP1/VEGF signaling and endothelial angiogenic function, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for DMED.

Axially chiral arylpyrroles hold significant promise in catalysis, medicinal chemistry and materials science. Here, the authors report a copper-catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric (4 + 1) cyclization enabling atroposelective synthesis of arylpyrroles with single stereogenic axes or 1,2-diaxes from 1,3- enynes and amines.

A refractory high-entropy alloy was designed with the composition chosen based on the natural-mixing characteristics among refractory elements; this alloy demonstrates good tensile ductility in the as-cast state and physicochemical stability at high temperatures.

Authors develop a machine learning model using routine blood tests that identify people at higher risk of complications from high myopia. Their results support opportunistic screening during health checks to enable earlier referral.

This study reports that the gene SMPED1, located in a previously identified dichogamy-determining region in Alpinia species, controls the timing of sex-organ synchrony, improving our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of plant sexual diversity.

3Snet-CLID integrates signal-preserving deep learning denoising with direct Richardson–Lucy deconvolution to achieve over 5-fold resolution improvement on standard microscopes, enabling artifact-free nanoscale imaging of live-cell organelles and structures.

Producing multi-carbon fuels from carbon dioxide requires catalysts that remain stable under reaction conditions. Here, the authors report operando evidence identifies stable Cu²⁺ sites that enable efficient and selective ethylene generation.

MicroRNAs are promising disease biomarkers, yet accurately measuring them remains challenging. Here, the authors develop SE-SPTM-PCR, a method which improves sensitivity 100-fold and eliminates false signals, showing improved diagnostic performances for cancer and viral reactivation.

A mechanism is uncovered that results in fetal hepatocytes having a paracrine role in providing genome protection to haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

The regulatory roles of structural variations (SVs) in transcriptional networks and agronomic traits of tea plants are largely unexplored. Here, the authors assemble the pangnome from 22 representative tea accessions and their wild relative and reveal SVs driving gene expression alteration and agronomic traits diversification.

Technology advancement is essential for climate action, yet the uneven distribution of technological progress across the world can slow mitigation. Through empirical and scenario analysis, researchers find that participating in trade agreements could enhance technological transfers and lead to emission reductions.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Upregulation of tubular FABP4 in septic AKI is dependent on TLR4/c-Jun signaling activation, and FABP4 mediates sepsis-induced RTEC injury, likely by forming a positive feedback loop with c-Jun to aggravate inflammation and apoptosis.

Moiré superlattices are a versatile platform for studying emergent electron and quantum phenomena. Here, the authors demonstrate moiré superlattice formation in complex oxide-WS₂ heterostructures across varying twist angles.

Japonica rice generally has greater capacity for low temperatures germination (LTG) than indica rice. Here, the authors report an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme-encoding gene OsUBC12 can increase LTG in japonica rice by negatively regulate ABA signaling via promoting the proteasomal degradation of OsSnRK1.1.

The substantia nigra and all Parkinson’s disease deep-brain stimulation targets are selectively connected to the somato-cognitive action network rather than to effector-specific motor regions.

Sweet potato starch has high global demand. Here the authors investigate the relationship between fresh yield and starch accumulation mediated by the source-sink process, and demonstrate that IbbHLH49 and IbPMA1 are vital for sugar transport and starch biosynthesis in sweet potato.